网站开发 · 2024年11月24日

布局 – CSS 挑战

布局 – CSS 挑战插图

您可以在 hub 仓库中找到这篇文章中的所有代码。

您可以在这里查看视觉效果：

  • 固定导航 – 布局 – codesandbox
  • 两列 – 布局 – codesandbox
  • 三列 – 布局 – codesandbox
  • 圣杯 – 布局 – codesandbox

通过 实现通用布局

固定导航布局 

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>fixed navigation</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <nav>this is a navbar</nav>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
    <h1>test</h1>
  </body>
</html>

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nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  width: 100%;
}

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两列布局 

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>two columns layout</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <!--
    <div class="float-container">
      <div class="left">
        <h1>left side</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <h1>right side</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    -->

    <!--
    <div class="absolute-container">
      <div class="left">
        <h1>left side</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <h1>right side</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    -->

    <!--
    <div class="bfc-container">
      <div class="left">
        <h1>left side</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <h1>right side</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    -->

    <!--
    <div class="flex-container">
      <div class="left">
        <h1>left side</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <h1>right side</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    -->

    <!--
    <div class="grid-container">
      <div class="left">
        <h1>left side</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <h1>right side</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    -->

    <div class="table-container">
      <div class="left">
        <h1>left side</h1>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <h1>right side</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

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.float-container .left {
  width: 200px;
  float: left;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.float-container .right {
  margin-left: 200px;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.absolute-container {
  position: relative;
}

.absolute-container .left {
  width: 200px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.absolute-container .right {
  margin-left: 200px;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.bfc-container .left {
  width: 200px;
  float: left;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.bfc-container .right {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.flex-container {
  display: flex;
}

.flex-container .left {
  width: 200px;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.flex-container .right {
  flex: 1;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
}

.grid-container .left {
  background-color: tomato;
}

.grid-container .right {
  background-color: aqua;
}

.table-container {
  display: table;
}

.table-container .left {
  display: table-cell;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.table-container .right {
  display: table-cell;
  background-color: aqua;
}

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三列布局 

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>three columns layout</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="flex-container">
      <div class="left">left</div>
      <div class="middle">middle</div>
      <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>

    <div class="grid-container">
      <div class="left">left</div>
      <div class="middle">middle</div>
      <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>

    <div class="absolute-container">
      <div class="left">left</div>
      <div class="middle">middle</div>
      <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>

    <div class="float-container">
      <div class="left">left</div>
      <div class="middle">middle</div>
      <div class="right">right</div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

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.flex-container {
  display: flex;
}

.flex-container .left {
  width: 200px;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.flex-container .middle {
  flex: 1;
  background-color: blanchedalmond;
}

.flex-container .right {
  width: 200px;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
}

.grid-container .left {
  background-color: tomato;
}

.grid-container .middle {
  background-color: blanchedalmond;
}

.grid-container .right {
  background-color: aqua;
}

.absolute-container {
  position: relative;
}

.absolute-container .left,
.absolute-container .right {
  position: absolute;
  width: 200px;
  top: 0;
}

.absolute-container .left {
  left: 0;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.absolute-container .right {
  right: 0;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.absolute-container .middle {
  margin-left: 200px;
  margin-right: 200px;
  background-color: blanchedalmond;
}

.float-container .left {
  width: 200px;
  float: left;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.float-container .right {
  width: 200px;
  float: right;
  background-color: aqua;
}

.float-container .middle {
  margin-left: 200px;
  margin-right: 200px;
  background-color: blanchedalmond;
}

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圣杯 

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>holy grail</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <header>header</header>
    <div class="columns">
      <nav>navigation</nav>
      <main>main</main>
      <aside>sidebar</aside>
    </div>
    <footer>footer</footer>
  </body>
</html>

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body {
  min-height: 100vh;
}

#root {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: 100vh;
}

header,
nav,
main,
aside,
footer {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 12px;
}

header {
  height: 60px;
  background-color: tomato;
}

.columns {
  display: flex;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

nav {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 100px;
  background-color: coral;
}

main {
  flex-grow: 1;
  background-color: moccasin;
}

aside {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 100px;
  background-color: sandybrown;
}

footer {
  height: 100px;
  background-color: slategray;
}

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参考

  • 圣杯（网页设计）- wikipedia.org
  • 圣杯布局 – web.dev

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