{"id":15376,"date":"2024-11-17T20:45:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T12:45:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/?p=15376"},"modified":"2024-11-17T20:46:28","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T12:46:28","slug":"%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e4%b8%8e%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/15376\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u539f\u5219"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u4e00\u3001CAP\u7406\u8bba<\/h1>\n<h3>1.1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fCAP\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8457\u540d\u7684CAP\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531Brewer\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8c13CAP\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08Availability\uff09\u548c\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff08Partition Tolerance\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Consistency\uff08\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210\u540e,\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff08All nodes see the same data at the same time\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684RDBMS\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684RDBMS\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5177\u6709ACID4\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08Atomicity\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08Isolation\uff09\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08Durable\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ACID\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u9075\u5faaACID\u539f\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08Atomicity\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90fd\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90fd\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff1b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982B\u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u4e5f\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08Isolation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u73af\u5883\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08Durability\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u51fa\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>MIT\u7684Gilbert\u548cLynch\u5728\u8bc1\u660eCAP\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86Consistency\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06Consistency\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aAtomic\u3002Gilbert\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684Consistency\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684ACID\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u8981\u4e48\u6210\u529f\u3001\u8981\u4e48\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff08Atomic\uff09\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u52a1\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08Consistent\uff09\uff1b\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\uff08Isolated\uff09\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\uff08Durable\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Availability\uff08\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff08Reads and writes always succeed\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u662f\u8bf4\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u8bc1\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u80fd\u201c\u6210\u529f\u201d\u62ff\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Partition Tolerance\uff08\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u670d\u52a1\uff08The system continues to operate despite arbitrary message loss or failure of part of the system\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u76f4\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9crash\u6216\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u7247\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660eCAP\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>CAP\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u96c6{G1, G2}\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u7247\u5bfc\u81f4G1\u548cG2\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u90fd\u65ad\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728G1\u4e2d\u5199\uff0c\u5728G2\u4e2d\u8bfb\u521a\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c G2\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u521a\u521a\u5728G1\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff08Partition Tolerance\uff09\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08Availability\uff09\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0cG2\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bfb\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff08Partition Tolerance\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CAP\u7406\u8bba\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e24\u70b9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136,\u4efb\u4f55\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u90fd\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u533a\uff0c<strong>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u4e0e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08Availability\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1.3\u3001CAP\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38BASE<\/h3>\n<p>BASE\u662fBasically Available\u3001Soft state\u3001Eventually consistent\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7ec4\u7684\u7b80\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9CAP\u4e2dC \u548cA\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Basically Available<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8c\u516b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u8bc180%\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b20%\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7ea0\u7ed3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soft-state\uff1a<\/strong>\u8f6f\u72b6\u6001\/\u67d4\u6027\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5206\u8ffd\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u8f6f\u72b6\u6001\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u6570\u636e\uff08State\uff09\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u6b21\u5237\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u6e05\u9664\u6b64\u7f13\u5b58\uff08Soft\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eventual consistency\uff1a<\/strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u6bb5\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\u6570\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff09\uff0c\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u90fd\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6211\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u4eb2\u8eab\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8d2f\u7a7f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>BASE\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eCAP\u7406\u8bba\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027(Strong Consistency)\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7279\u70b9\u91c7\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027(Eventual consistency)\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002BASE\u662f\u53cdACID\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8eACID\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u727a\u7272\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u67d4\u6027\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CAP\u3001BASE\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684NoSQL\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u4e8c\u3001\u65e0\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u6784<\/h1>\n<h3>2.1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u65e0\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n<p>\u65e0\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u6784SNA\uff08Shared Nothing Architecture\uff09\uff0c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA shared nothing architecture (SN) is a distributed computing architecture in which each node is independent and self-sufficient, and there is no single point of contention across the system. More specifically, none of the nodes share memory or disk storage. People typically contrast SN with systems that keep a large amount of centrally-stored state information, whether in a database, an application server, or any other similar single point of contention.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u6027\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728web\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u5171\u4eab\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Session\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5Session\u72b6\u6001\u7ef4\u62a4\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u95f4Session\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4e92\u76f8\u62f7\u8d1d\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6539\u9020\u73b0\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Session\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/fwq.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/311607351264168.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15377\" src=\"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/311607351264168.png\" width=\"674\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/311607351264168.png 674w, https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/311607351264168-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/311607351264168-670x409.png 670w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" title=\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u539f\u5219\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u539f\u5219\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>2.2\u3001\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<p>shared-nothing\u3001shared-memory\u3001shared-disk\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\nshared-memory\uff1a\u591a\u4e2acpu\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u7247\u5185\u5b58\uff0ccpu\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u8baf\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u8baf<br \/>\nshared-disk\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2acpu\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u8baf\u673a\u5236\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\n\u548cshared-memory\u3001shared-disk\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cshared-nothing\u4f18\u52bf\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5145\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3\u3001\u5206\u7247<\/h3>\n<p>shared noting\u9700\u8981\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7247\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u7247\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5206\u7247\u7b56\u7565\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u7247<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6839\u636e\u591a\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u4e92\u76f8\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728ebay\u53d6\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5373\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5206\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u952e\u503c\u5206\u7247<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u8868<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5145\u5f53\u76ee\u5f55\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u54ea\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u62e5\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u53ca\u5355\u70b9\u5931\u6548\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f00\u6e90DAL\uff08\u5982CobarClient\u3001Fastser-DAL\u3001Uncode-DAL\u7b49\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u8def\u7531\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u6709\u67e5\u8868\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2.4\u3001\u73b0\u72b6<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>SNA\u76ee\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ecMap-reduce\u3001BigTable\u3001Cassandra\u3001MongoDB\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u4e09\u3001ED-SOA\u67b6\u6784<\/h1>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6807\u914d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709ED-SOA\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u5e38\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>ED-SOA<\/strong>\uff08Event Driven-Service Oriented Architecture\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u9762\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SOA\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5316\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u6784\u5efa\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u66b4\u9732\u7136\u540e\u5904\u7406\uff08expose and handle\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EDA\u662f\u4ee5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SOA\u4f7f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Event\uff09\u8de8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u901a\u4fe1\u5f02\u6b65\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8eED-SOA\u6784\u5efa\u677e\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8eED-SOA\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6587\u7ae0\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u8d58\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u56db\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/h1>\n<h3>4.1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff08Load Balance\uff09\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5747\u8861\u5730\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5206\u62c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ec9\u4ef7\u6709\u6548\u900f\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6269\u5c55\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>web\u96c6\u7fa4\uff1a\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u62c5\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7528\u6237\u7b49\u5f85\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>MapReduce\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u91cd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u5206\u62c5\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u505a\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u8bbe\u5907\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u2f64\u6237\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u2f12\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/fwq.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/262019242003344.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15378\" src=\"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/262019242003344.png\" width=\"1076\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/262019242003344.png 1076w, https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/262019242003344-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/262019242003344-1024x418.png 1024w, https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/262019242003344-768x313.png 768w, https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/262019242003344-670x273.png 670w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1076px) 100vw, 1076px\" title=\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u539f\u5219\u63d2\u56fe1\" alt=\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u539f\u5219\u63d2\u56fe1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>4.2\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff09\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u548c\uff08\u6216\uff09\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2.1\u3001\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aRound Robin\/Weight Round Robin Scheduling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f6e\u53eb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668(Real Server)\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u8f6e\u8be2\u548c\u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1ai = ( i + 1 ) mod n<\/pre>\n<p><strong>4.2.2\u3001Hash\u7b97\u6cd5: \u968f\u673a\u6570Hash\uff0cSources Hashing Scheduling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hash\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u53eb\u53d6\u4f59\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u9879\u6570\u636e(key\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5e38\u7528\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u6e90IP)\u8ba1\u7b97Hash\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u673a\u5668\u6570\u91cf(n)\u53d6\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1aidx = Hash(key) % n<\/pre>\n<p>Hash\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cKey\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e38\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u968f\u673a\u6570<\/strong><br \/>\n\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5206\u6563\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6765\u6e90IP<\/strong><br \/>\n\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e7f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u6563\u6027\u8f83\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00IP\uff08\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u7f51\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u6548\u679c\u8f83\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684nginx\u548cLVS\u7b49\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2.3\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027Hash\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aConsistency Hash Scheduling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027Hash\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u5982memcached\u3001redis\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u6765\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5206\u6563\u8d1f\u8f7d\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u770b\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027Hash\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u4f73\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bf7\u731b\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2.4\u3001\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570: (Weight)Least Connection\/Request Scheduling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5c0f\u8fde\u63a5\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u662f\uff0c\u8c03\u5ea6\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u8bb0\u5f55\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u53d7\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u603b\u662f\u53d1\u7ed9\u8ba1\u6570\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2.5\u3001\u6700\u5927\u7a7a\u95f2\uff1aMost idle First(\u57fa\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7CPU,\u5185\u5b58,\u5e26\u5bbd\u7b49\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4f30)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2.6\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u5feb\u54cd\u5e94\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u5feb\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2.7\u3001\u6700\u5c11\u6d41\u91cf\uff1aLeast Traffic Scheduling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4Session(\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8eWEB)\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002Session\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a\u9996\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684SessionID\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00SessionID\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u9009\u62e9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u524d\u9762\u6839\u636eSessionID\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4.3\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u6216\u54ea\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.3.1\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08RR-DNS\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>RR-DNS\uff0c\u5373DNS\u8f6e\u8be2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5229\u7528DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u540d\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acbIP\u6307\u5411\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f6e\u8be2\u89e3\u6790\u6307\u5411IP\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709DNS\u5728\u672c\u5730\u89e3\u6790\u6307\u5411\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f6e\u8be2\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\u6027\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>DNS\u670d\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5728TTL\u5931\u6548\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u6307\u5411\u5931\u6548\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9DNS\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\u6216\u9644\u5e26\u66f4\u65b0\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u81ea\u952eDNS\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171DNS\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4.3.2\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6b63\u5411\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u8bbf\u95eeinternet, \u628ainternet\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6b63\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u5bf9\u5916\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7internet\u4e0a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8f6c\u53d1\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u63a5\u53d7\uff08accept\uff09\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>b\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7 Apache, nginx\u7b49Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0WEB\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5229\u7528\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u662f\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.3.3\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a\u3001IP\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>IP\u8f6c\u6362\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7684IP\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u62a5\u6587\u6539\u5199\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0VIP\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8IP\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8f83\u597d\uff1b\u53ef\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7ed3\u5408\uff1b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u4ee5\u8be5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff1bLVS\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u7c7b\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>b\u3001IP\u8f6c\u6362\u4e4bLVS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>LVS\uff08Linux Virtual Server\uff09,\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0898\u5e74\uff09\u5199\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u8861\u8c03\u5ea6\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7ae0\u6587\u5d69\u535a\u58eb\u662f\u8be5\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e1a\u754c\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002LVS\u4e5f\u662f\u5229\u7528IP\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7NAT\uff08Network Address Translation\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08VS\/NAT\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7IP\u96a7\u9053\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08VS\/TUN\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u8def\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08VS\/DR\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8eLVS\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u7ae0\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u53c2\u8003\u9605\u8bfb&lt;&lt;\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fdweb\u7ad9\u70b9&gt;&gt;\u548c&lt;&lt;\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7ad9\u6280\u672f\u67b6\u6784&gt;&gt;\u8fd9\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7ae0\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>c\u3001IP\u8f6c\u6362\u4e4b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>F5\u7b49\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8bbe\u5907\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u9020\u4ef7\u8f83\u4e3a\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u4e94\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h1>\n<h3>5.1\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1aMTTF\/(MTTF+MTTR) * 100%<br \/>\nMTTF\uff1a mean time to failure\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5931\u6548\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<br \/>\nMTTR\uff1a mean time to restoration\uff0c \u5e73\u5747\u6062\u590d\u524d\u65f6\u95f4,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08High Availability\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2aIT\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u975e\u8ba1\u5212\u505c\u5de5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6301\u7eed\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u73af\u5883\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u673a\u623f\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u7684CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001IO\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u9501\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5404\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u975e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.2\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec:<\/p>\n<h4>5.2.1\u3001\u4e3b\u5907(Active-Standby)<\/h4>\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5907\u673a\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u51c6\u5907\u72b6\u51b5\uff1b\u5f53\u4e3b\u673a\u5b95\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u5907\u673a\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f85\u4e3b\u673a\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\uff08\u70ed\u5907\uff09\u6216\u624b\u52a8\uff08\u51b7\u5907\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u590d\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.3.2\u3001\u4e92\u5907(Active-Active)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e24\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff08A\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e3b,B\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5907\uff09\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u76d1\u6d4b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u4efb\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff08A\uff09\u5b95\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff08B\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff09\u7acb\u5373\u63a5\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u65f6\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.3.3\u3001\u96c6\u7fa4(Cluster)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u591a\u53f0\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u900f\u660e\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u662fActive-Active\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u62c5\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u603b\u63a7\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u96c6\u7fa4\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982zookeeper\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a05.3\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n<p>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\u4e0d\u8981\u6709\u5355\u70b9\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u6709\u5355\u70b9\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u6709\u5355\u70b9\u3002<\/pre>\n<p>\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e09\u904d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5927\u4e2d\u578bweb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6700\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u624b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u6392\u67e5\u5e76\u89e3\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8584\u5f31\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7edd\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5355\u70b9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b7b\u89d2\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u5355\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\uff08\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001sharding\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u5f02\u5730\u5bb9\u707e\u7b49\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u70b9\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u4e86\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u4e94\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u51e0\u8d77\u91cd\u5927IT\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u65e0\u60c5\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u518d\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u78b0\u5230\u7269\u7406\u7834\u574f\u6216\u8005\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u5f53\u800c\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u8005DDoS\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5fc3\u8840\u4ed8\u4e4b\u4e1c\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002 \u4e00\u3001CAP\u7406\u8bba 1.1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fCAP\uff1f \u8457\u540d\u7684CAP\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531Brewer\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8c13CAP\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08Availability\uff09\u548c\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff08Partition Tolerance\uff09\u3002 Consistency\uff08\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210\u540e,\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff08All nodes see the same data at the same time\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684RDBMS\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002 \u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684RDBMS\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5177\u6709ACID4\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08Atomicity\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08Isolation\uff09\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08Durable\uff09\u3002 &nbsp; ACID\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u9075\u5faaACID\u539f\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\u3002 \u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08Atomicity\uff09\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90fd\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90fd\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff1b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982B\u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u4e5f\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002 \u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08Isolation\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u73af\u5883\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002 \u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08Durability\uff09\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u51fa\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u3002 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Availability\uff08\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff09\uff1a\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff08Reads and writes always succeed\uff09\u3002 \u53ef\u7528\u6027\u662f\u8bf4\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u8bc1\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u80fd\u201c\u6210\u529f\u201d\u62ff\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 Partition Tolerance\uff08\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u670d\u52a1\uff08The system continues to operate despite arbitrary message loss or failure of part of the system\uff09\u3002 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