{"id":15797,"date":"2024-11-18T14:27:48","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T06:27:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/15797\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T14:27:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T06:27:48","slug":"nginx-https%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%8c%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e4%bc%a0%e8%be%93%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/15797\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx HTTPS\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"

https\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f51\u7ad9\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SSL\u8bc1\u4e66
\u5728\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2aSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784\uff08CA\uff09\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u8bc1\u4e66\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u5982Let’s Encrypt\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1a\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5305\u542b\u516c\u94a5\u3001\u79c1\u94a5\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\uff09\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e3a.crt\u548c.key\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u521b\u5efaSSL\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528openssl\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06.crt\u548c.key\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a.pem\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a
    openssl rsa -in privateKey.key -text > privateKey.pem
    openssl x509 -inform PEM -in certificate.crt > certificate.pem
    cat privateKey.pem certificate.pem > ssl.crt<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001Nginx\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u6253\u5f00Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\u6216\/usr\/local\/nginx\/conf\/nginx.conf\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \n

      \u6dfb\u52a0HTTPS\u670d\u52a1\u5757\uff1a\u5728http\u5757\u5185\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a
      server {<\/p>\n

      listen 443 ssl;\nserver_name yourdomain.com;\nssl_certificate \/path\/to\/ssl.crt;\nssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/privateKey.key;\nssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;\nssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;\n......<\/pre>\n
       \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
      }<\/p>\n
        \n
      • listen 443 ssl\uff1a\u76d1\u542cHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3443\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u7528SSL\u3002<\/li>\n
      • server_name\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n
      • ssl_certificate\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n
      • ssl_certificate_key\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aSSL\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n
      • ssl_protocols\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n
      • ssl_ciphers\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u5230HTTPS\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a\u5728http\u5757\u5185\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a
        server {<\/p>\n
        listen 80;\nserver_name yourdomain.com;\nreturn 301 https:\/\/$server_name$request_uri;<\/pre>\n
         \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95eeHTTP\u7f51\u5740\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230HTTPS\u7f51\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u542fNginx\u670d\u52a1\uff1a
        sudo service nginx restart<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86Nginx\u7684HTTPS\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u4f18\u5316HTTPS\u914d\u7f6e
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u5f00\u542fHTTP\/2\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u7684HTTP\/2\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5c06HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u5347\u7ea7\u5230HTTP\/2\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002
          \u5728server\u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\uff1a
          listen 443 ssl http2;<\/li>\n
        2. \u542f\u7528OCSP Stapling\uff1aOCSP Stapling\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63d0\u9ad8SSL\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728server\u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\uff1a
          ssl_stapling on;
          ssl_stapling_verify on;
          resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
          resolver_timeout 5s;<\/li>\n
        3. \u914d\u7f6eHTTP Strict Transport Security\uff08HSTS\uff09\uff1aHSTS\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230HTTPS\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002
          \u5728server\u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\uff1a
          add_header Strict-Transport-Security “max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload”;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u56db\u3001HTTPS\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848
          \u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fssl_certificate\u548cssl_certificate_key\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n
          2. \u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u4e0e\u57df\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
          3. \u9632\u706b\u5899\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7aef\u53e3443\uff08HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
          4. SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728ssl_protocols\u4e2d\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559TLSv1.2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u7ed3\u8bed
            \u901a\u8fc7Nginx\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u9053\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u7684HTTPS\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fNginx HTTPS\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            https\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168 \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f51\u7ad9\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u5728\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2aSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u6743\u673a\u6784\uff08CA\uff09\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u8bc1\u4e66\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u5982Let’s Encrypt\u3002 \u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1a\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5305\u542b\u516c\u94a5\u3001\u79c1\u94a5\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\uff09\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e3a.crt\u548c.key\u3002 \u521b\u5efaSSL\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528openssl\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06.crt\u548c.key\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a.pem\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1aopenssl rsa -in privateKey.key -text > privateKey.pemopenssl x509 -inform PEM -in certificate.crt > certificate.pemcat privateKey.pem certificate.pem > ssl.crt \u4e8c\u3001Nginx\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS \u6253\u5f00Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\u6216\/usr\/local\/nginx\/conf\/nginx.conf\u3002 \u6dfb\u52a0HTTPS\u670d\u52a1\u5757\uff1a\u5728http\u5757\u5185\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1aserver { listen 443 ssl; server_name yourdomain.com; ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/ssl.crt; ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/privateKey.key; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; …… \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 } listen 443 ssl\uff1a\u76d1\u542cHTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3443\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u7528SSL\u3002 server_name\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002 ssl_certificate\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002 ssl_certificate_key\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aSSL\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002 ssl_protocols\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3002 ssl_ciphers\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 \u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u5230HTTPS\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a\u5728http\u5757\u5185\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1aserver […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15797\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}