{"id":16025,"date":"2024-11-18T17:01:59","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:01:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16025\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T17:01:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:01:59","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8linux%e4%b8%8a%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16025\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7528\u6237\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>useradd\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>passwd\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li>groupadd\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>usermod\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>userdel\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>groupmod\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>groupdel\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>useradd -G groupname username\uff1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237john\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo useradd john\n$ sudo passwd john<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u548c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r\uff1a\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>w\uff1a\u53ef\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>x\uff1a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>$ ls -l\n\n-rw-rw-r-- 1 john john 0 Aug 1 15:30 myfile.txt\ndrwxrwxr-x 2 john john 4096 Aug 1 15:30 mydir<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cmyfile.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u662f-rw-rw-r&#8211;\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002mydir\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u662fdrwxrwxr-x\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6709\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chmod\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chown\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/li>\n<li>chgrp\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06myfile.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>$ chmod 600 myfile.txt<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u5916\uff0cLinux\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SUID\uff08Set User ID\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6eSUID\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>SGID\uff08Set Group ID\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\/usr\/bin\/mail\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6eSGID\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Sticky Bit\uff1a\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5220\u9664\u4ed6\u4eba\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6eSUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chmod u+s\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eSUID\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod g+s\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eSGID\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>chmod +t\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eSticky Bit\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\/usr\/bin\/mail\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5177\u6709SGID\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo chmod g+s \/usr\/bin\/mail<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caSUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u60a8\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406 \u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406 \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7528\u6237\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a useradd\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 passwd\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801 groupadd\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 usermod\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 userdel\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 groupmod\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 groupdel\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 useradd -G groupname username\uff1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237john\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a $ sudo useradd john $ sudo passwd john \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650 \u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u548c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff1a r\uff1a\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6743\u9650 w\uff1a\u53ef\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650 x\uff1a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a $ ls -l -rw-rw-r&#8211; 1 john john 0 Aug 1 15:30 myfile.txt drwxrwxr-x 2 john john 4096 Aug 1 15:30 mydir \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 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