{"id":16209,"date":"2024-11-18T09:47:05","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T01:47:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16209\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T09:47:05","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T01:47:05","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8linux%e4%b8%8a%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16209\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a
\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6108\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u9632\u706b\u5899
\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216\u8005nftables\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5iptables\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n

$ sudo apt-get update\n$ sudo apt-get install iptables<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219
\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n
$ sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP  # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\n$ sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP  # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\n$ sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT  # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\n\n$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u6d41\u91cf\n$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\n\n$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8SSH\u8fde\u63a5\n$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\n$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8HTTPS\u8fde\u63a5\n\n$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8ping\u8bf7\u6c42\n\n$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP  # \u62d2\u7edd\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6d41\u91cf\u3001SSH\u3001HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4ee5\u53caping\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\u5c06\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u89c4\u5219
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u89c4\u5219\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
$ sudo iptables-save &gt; \/etc\/iptables\/rules.v4  # \u4fdd\u5b58IPv4\u89c4\u5219\n$ sudo ip6tables-save &gt; \/etc\/iptables\/rules.v6  # \u4fdd\u5b58IPv6\u89c4\u5219<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
$ sudo iptables-restore <p>\u56db\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e<br>\u9664\u4e86\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p><ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u542f\u7528SELinux\u6216AppArmor\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:php;toolbar:false;\">$ sudo setenforce 1  # \u542f\u7528SELinux\n$ sudo aa-enforce \/path\/to\/profile  # \u542f\u7528AppArmor<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
  • \n
    \u786c\u5316SSH\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config  # \u7f16\u8f91SSH\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/pre>\n
     \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
    \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3aSSH\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n
    PermitRootLogin no  # \u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\nPasswordAuthentication no  # \u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\nAllowUsers username  # \u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/pre>\n
     \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u542f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ sudo apt-get install tcpdump  # \u5b89\u88c5tcpdump\n$ sudo tcpdump -i eth0 -n  # \u76d1\u63a7eth0\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf<\/pre>\n
     \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/li>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u914d\u7f6e\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a
    \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565 \u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6108\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u9632\u706b\u5899\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216\u8005nftables\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5iptables\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install iptables \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u5408\uff1a $ sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf $ sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf $ sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf $ sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # \u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u6d41\u91cf $ sudo iptables -A INPUT -m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16209\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}