{"id":16431,"date":"2024-11-18T16:07:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T08:07:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16431\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T16:07:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T08:07:49","slug":"linux%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%9e%e6%97%b6%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e4%b8%8e%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16431\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"

linux\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecdLinux\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u662frsyslog\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6ersyslog\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7tail\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fddrsyslog\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5rsyslog\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    systemctl status rsyslog<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u7f16\u8f91rsyslog\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/rsyslog.conf\uff0c\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\/var\/log\/messages\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      #\u5c06\/var\/log\/messages\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\/var\/log\/monitored.log\n:msg,contains,\"kernel\" \/var\/log\/monitored.log\n#\u5176\u4ed6\u65e5\u5fd7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\/var\/log\/messages\n*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none \/var\/log\/messages<\/pre>\n
        \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u91cd\u542frsyslog\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        service rsyslog restart<\/pre>\n
          \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528tail\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\/var\/log\/monitored.log\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          tail -f \/var\/log\/monitored.log<\/pre>\n
            \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n
          \u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. awk<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            awk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7awk\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u542b\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
            tail -f \/var\/log\/monitored.log | awk '\/\u5173\u952e\u5b57\/'<\/pre>\n
              \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
              \n
            1. grep<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              grep\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u542b\u6709\u5173\u952e\u5b57”error”\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
              tail -f \/var\/log\/monitored.log | grep \"error\"<\/pre>\n
                \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
                \n
              1. sed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                sed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7sed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57”warning”\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a”\u8b66\u544a”\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
                tail -f \/var\/log\/monitored.log | sed 's\/warning\/\u8b66\u544a\/g'<\/pre>\n
                  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
                \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n
                \u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6ersyslog\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982awk\u3001grep\u3001sed\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u5173\u4e8elinux\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                linux\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790 \u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecdLinux\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7 \u5728Linux\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u662frsyslog\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6ersyslog\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7tail\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fddrsyslog\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5rsyslog\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a systemctl status rsyslog \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u7f16\u8f91rsyslog\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/rsyslog.conf\uff0c\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\/var\/log\/messages\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a #\u5c06\/var\/log\/messages\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\/var\/log\/monitored.log :msg,contains,”kernel” \/var\/log\/monitored.log #\u5176\u4ed6\u65e5\u5fd7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\/var\/log\/messages *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none \/var\/log\/messages \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u91cd\u542frsyslog\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\uff1a service rsyslog restart \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528tail\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\/var\/log\/monitored.log\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a tail -f \/var\/log\/monitored.log \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790 \u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3002 awk awk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7awk\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u542b\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a tail -f \/var\/log\/monitored.log | awk ‘\/\u5173\u952e\u5b57\/’ \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 grep grep\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u542b\u6709\u5173\u952e\u5b57”error”\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a tail -f \/var\/log\/monitored.log | grep “error” \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 sed sed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7sed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57”warning”\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a”\u8b66\u544a”\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a tail -f 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