{"id":16474,"date":"2024-11-18T17:16:13","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:16:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16474\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T17:16:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:16:13","slug":"linux%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84web%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%92%8c%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16474\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684Web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"

linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cWeb\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790Web\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u8fdb\u884cWeb\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982Apache\u3001Nginx\u90fd\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u627e\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n

# Apache\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\n\/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log\n\n# Nginx\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\n\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log<\/pre>\n
  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u548c\u8bbf\u95eeIP\u6570
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528wc\u547d\u4ee4\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ wc -l \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log\n1000 \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
    \u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u552f\u4e00IP\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ awk '{print $1}' \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log | sort | uniq | wc -l\n100 \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u5206\u6790\u8bbf\u95ee\u6765\u6e90
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u53d6\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684URL\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528sort\u547d\u4ee4\u7edf\u8ba1\u6392\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ awk '{print $7}' \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -n 10\n500 \/home\n400 \/products\n300 \/about\n...<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u5206\u6790\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
    \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u6bb5\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u53d6\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528sort\u547d\u4ee4\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ awk '{print $4}' \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log | cut -c 14-18 | sort | uniq -c\n100 00:00\n200 01:00\n...<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    \u5206\u6790\u8bbf\u95ee\u9519\u8bef
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u9519\u8bef\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u7edf\u8ba1\u5176\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ grep -E \" 4[0-9]{2} \" \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log | wc -l\n50<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ea\u662fWeb\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u5982ELK\u3001AWStats\u3001GoAccess\u7b49\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0cLinux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684Web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u5728Web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    • [https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials](https:\/\/www.digitalocean.com\/community\/tutorials)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684Web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7 \u968f\u7740Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cWeb\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790Web\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u8fdb\u884cWeb\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982Apache\u3001Nginx\u90fd\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u627e\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1a # Apache\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84 \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log # Nginx\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84 \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Web\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002 \u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u548c\u8bbf\u95eeIP\u6570\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528wc\u547d\u4ee4\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\uff1a $ wc -l \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log 1000 \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u552f\u4e00IP\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a $ awk ‘{print $1}’ \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log | sort | uniq | wc -l 100 \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5206\u6790\u8bbf\u95ee\u6765\u6e90\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u53d6\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684URL\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528sort\u547d\u4ee4\u7edf\u8ba1\u6392\u540d\uff1a $ awk ‘{print $7}’ \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -n 10 500 \/home […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16474"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16474\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}