{"id":16476,"date":"2024-11-18T17:01:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:01:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16476\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T17:01:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:01:06","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8linux%e4%b8%ad%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8awk%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e5%92%8c%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16476\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u4ecb:<br \/>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cawk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e38\u7528\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u9009\u9879<br \/>awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>awk 'pattern { action }' file<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cpattern\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1baction\u662f\u5728\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c\u4e0a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\uff1bfile\u662f\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219awk\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-F\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-v var=value\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2aawk\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-f scriptfile\uff1a\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6awk\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5206\u6790Apache\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7<br \/>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aApache\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>192.168.0.1 - - [10\/Nov\/2022:10:30:00 +0800] \"GET \/index.html HTTP\/1.1\" 200 1234\n192.168.0.2 - - [10\/Nov\/2022:10:31:00 +0800] \"GET \/about.html HTTP\/1.1\" 404 5678\n...<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6790\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8bawk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>awk -F'[ \"]+' '{count[$7]++; total[$7]+=$NF} END {for (page in count) print page, count[page], total[page]}' access.log<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-F'[ &#8220;]+&#8217;\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>count[$7]++\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4count\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u9875\u9762URL\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<li>total[$7]+=$NF\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4total\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u9875\u9762URL\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002$NF\u8868\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u6d41\u91cf\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>END\uff1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>for (page in count) print page, count[page], total[page]\uff1a\u904d\u5386count\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684URL\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<br \/>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u6548\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u6548\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a&#8221;xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx&#8221;\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8bawk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>awk -v invalidIP=\"192.168.0.1|127.0.0.1\" '{if ($0 ~ \/^([0-9]{1,3}.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$\/ &amp;amp;&amp;amp; $0 !~ invalidIP) {gsub(\/[0-9]{1,3}(.[0-9]{1,3}){3}\/, \"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\")} print}' file<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-v invalidIP=&#8221;192.168.0.1|127.0.0.1&#8243;\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2aawk\u53d8\u91cfinvalidIP\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528&#8221;|&#8221;\u5206\u9694\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>$0 ~ \/^([0-9]{1,3}.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$\/ &amp;&amp; $0 !~ invalidIP\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u6392\u9664\u65e0\u6548\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>gsub(\/[0-9]{1,3}(.[0-9]{1,3}){3}\/, &#8220;xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx&#8221;)\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528gsub\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u6362\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a&#8221;xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx&#8221;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>print\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3:<br \/>\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff1f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff1f \u7b80\u4ecb:\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cawk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e38\u7528\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u4e00\u3001awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u9009\u9879awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a awk &#8216;pattern { action }&#8217; file \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cpattern\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1baction\u662f\u5728\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u672c\u884c\u4e0a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\uff1bfile\u662f\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219awk\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3002 \u5e38\u7528\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a -F\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002 -v var=value\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2aawk\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002 -f scriptfile\uff1a\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6awk\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5206\u6790Apache\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aApache\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a 192.168.0.1 &#8211; &#8211; [10\/Nov\/2022:10:30:00 +0800] &#8220;GET \/index.html HTTP\/1.1&#8221; 200 1234 192.168.0.2 &#8211; &#8211; [10\/Nov\/2022:10:31:00 +0800] &#8220;GET \/about.html HTTP\/1.1&#8221; 404 5678 &#8230; \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6790\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8bawk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a awk -F'[ &#8220;]+&#8217; &#8216;{count[$7]++; total[$7]+=$NF} END {for (page in count) print page, count[page], total[page]}&#8217; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16476\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}