{"id":16490,"date":"2024-11-18T12:29:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:29:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16490\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T12:29:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:29:12","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%80%9a%e8%bf%87linux%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%e5%af%b9%e5%a4%a7%e8%a7%84%e6%a8%a1%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16490\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7Linux\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u80cc\u666f\uff1a
\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7740\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001 grep<\/p>\n

grep\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

grep \"\u5173\u952e\u5b57\" \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6access.log\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
grep \"404\" access.log<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57”404″\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001 awk<\/p>\n
awk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
awk '{pattern + action}' \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cpattern\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0caction\u662f\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u51faaccess.log\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
awk '{print $1, $4}' access.log<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001 sed<\/p>\n
sed\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
sed 's\/\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\/\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\/g' \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06access.log\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a”xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx”\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684sed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
sed 's\/[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+\/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\/g' access.log<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a”xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001 sort<\/p>\n
sort\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
sort \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6numbers.txt\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684sort\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n
sort numbers.txt<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u7167\u6570\u5b57\u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001 head\u548ctail<\/p>\n
head\u548ctail\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524dn\u884c\u548c\u540en\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
head -n \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\ntail -n \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770baccess.log\u7684\u524d10\u884c\u548c\u540e10\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684head\u548ctail\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
head -n 10 access.log\ntail -n 10 access.log<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deaccess.log\u7684\u524d10\u884c\u548c\u540e10\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684grep\u3001awk\u3001sed\u3001sort\u3001head\u548ctail\u7b49Linux\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0cLinux\u5e73\u53f0\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u66f4\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7Linux\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff1f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff1f \u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7740\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002 \u4e00\u3001 grep grep\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a grep “\u5173\u952e\u5b57” \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6access.log\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a grep “404” access.log \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57”404″\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001 awk awk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a awk ‘{pattern + action}’ \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cpattern\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0caction\u662f\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u51faaccess.log\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a awk ‘{print $1, $4}’ access.log \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002 \u4e09\u3001 sed sed\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a sed ‘s\/\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\/\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\/g’ \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06access.log\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a”xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx”\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684sed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a sed ‘s\/[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+\/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\/g’ access.log \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a”xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx”\u3002 \u56db\u3001 sort sort\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a sort \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6numbers.txt\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684sort\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a 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