{"id":16542,"date":"2024-11-18T10:14:16","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T02:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16542\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T10:14:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T02:14:16","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8nginx%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8chttp%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8d%e8%af%95%e5%92%8c%e6%95%85%e9%9a%9c%e8%bd%ac%e7%a7%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16542\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u884chttp\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u6216\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5728Nginx\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ngx_http_proxy_module\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2alocation\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>http {\n    # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\n\n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name example.com;\n\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n            proxy_next_upstream error timeout;\n            proxy_connect_timeout 1s;\n            proxy_intercept_errors on;\n            error_page 500 502 503 504 = @retry;\n        }\n\n        location @retry {\n            internal;\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n            proxy_next_upstream error timeout;\n        }\n\n        upstream backend {\n            server backend1.example.com;\n            server backend2.example.com;\n            server backend3.example.com;\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3abackend\u7684upstream\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5f53\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u8d85\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u9879proxy_next_upstream\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49Nginx\u5728\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002error\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u9047\u52305xx\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u5207\u6362\uff0ctimeout\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8d85\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u3002proxy_connect_timeout\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5f53\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86ip_hash\u548cupstream\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aupstream\u5757\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>http {\n    # 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