{"id":16636,"date":"2024-11-18T12:06:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:06:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16636\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T12:06:42","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:06:42","slug":"%e5%8d%81%e5%88%86%e9%92%9f%e8%ae%a9%e4%bd%a0%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3-linux-abi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16636\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3 Linux ABI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3<\/p>\n

\n

lctt \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6628\u5929\uff0calma \u79f0\u5c06  \u5bf9 rhel \u7684 1:1 \u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9 rhel \u7684 abi \u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728 rhel \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u7f1d\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 almalinux \u4e0a\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u5bf9 abi \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6b64\u6587\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u8bb8\u591a Linux \u7231\u597d\u8005\u90fd\u719f\u6089 Linus Torvalds \u7684 \uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u63d0\u9192\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5173\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u63a5\u53e3\uff08ABI\uff09\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\u7528\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u719f\u6089 ABI \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 ABI \u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba Linux \u7a33\u5b9a ABI \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002Linux \u7684\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u548c\u6f14\u8fdb\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 ABI \u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u66f4\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f ABI\uff1f<\/h3>\n

ABI \u8868\u793a \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u63a5\u53e3Applications Binary Interface\u3002\u7406\u89e3 ABI \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3Applications Programming Interface\uff08API\uff09\u66f4\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5e93\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u6863\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5176 API\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd8\u6709\u50cf  \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u6863\u3002\u8c03\u7528\u5e93\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88 API \u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u610f\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

ABI \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e API\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e C \u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cABI \u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2022 \u5e74\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u4ecd\u7136\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f C \u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u201d \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u300a\u300b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u53ef\u4ece\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c mount \u548c sync \u7684 C \u7248\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5e03\u5c40\u662f Linux ABI \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \u201cLinux \u7684\u7a33\u5b9a ABI \u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f\u201d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f \u201csysfs\uff08\/sys\uff09\u548c procfs\uff08\/proc\uff09\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c \u786e\u5b9e\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b  \u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u7740\u91cd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 Linux ABI \u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6db5\u76d6\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0cABI \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5185\u6838\u793e\u533a\u3001C \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff08\u5982  \u6216 \uff09\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4 C \u5e93\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f \uff09\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6309\u7167  \u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u5f00\u53d1\u793e\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5408\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8 ABI\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u6765\u81ea Torvalds \u672c\u4eba\u7684 Linux ABI \u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c Linux \u6ca1\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684 ABI\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u6b21\u5185\u6838\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u8865\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u662f Linux \u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3Terminal output<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5185\u6838\uff08\u5728 linux-libc-dev \u4e2d\uff09\u548c Glibc\uff08\u5728 libc6-dev \u4e2d\uff09\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4f4d\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u96c6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u81f4\uff01apt \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002Glibc ABI \u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u4e8e bits\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cLinux ABI \u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd0\u4f5c\u826f\u597d\u3002\u6309\u7167 Conway’s Law\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u70e6\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u793e\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u6216\u5206\u6b67\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u533a\u90fd\u4e3a Linux \u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 Linux \u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

Y2038\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a ABI \u7834\u574f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/h3>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3001 \u7684 \u201cY2038\u201d ABI \u7834\u574f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3 Linux ABI\u3002\u5728 2038 \u5e74 1 \u6708\uff0c32 \u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u5c06\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u5168\u96f6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8f83\u65e7\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u8868\u4e00\u6837\u30022038 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u5f88\u9065\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u9500\u552e\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u4ecd\u5c06\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u50cf\u4eca\u5e74\u5b89\u88c5\u7684  \u548c  \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f 32 \u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8f6f\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u5185\u6838\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u8f6c\u5411\u4f7f\u7528 64 \u4f4d\u7684 time_t \u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u665a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u50cf time() \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5728 64 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u66f4\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u8270\u96be\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \uff09\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u653e\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u548c _old \u7248\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u91cc\u7a0b\u8868\u7ffb\u8f6c<\/span><\/p>\n

Glibc \u9879\u76ee\u4e5f \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5927\u529f\u544a\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u636e  \u6765\u770b\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9762\u4e34\u96be\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e3a 32 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e3a\u5b89\u88c5\u4ecb\u8d28\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c32 \u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5f80\u5e38\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e13\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5934\u75bc\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u7a33\u5b9a ABI \u91cc\u5230\u5e95\u5305\u62ec\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u7406\u89e3\u7a33\u5b9a ABI \u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u5999\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u90e8\u5206 sysfs \u662f\u7a33\u5b9a ABI\uff0c\u4f46\u8c03\u8bd5\u63a5\u53e3\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u5185\u90e8\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002Linus Torvalds \u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u7834\u574f\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6307\u4fdd\u62a4\u90a3\u4e9b \u201c\u53ea\u60f3\u5b83\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d \u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u5185\u6838\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u9605\u8bfb\u5185\u6838\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e Linux ABI \u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u9664\u4e86 \/sys\/kernel\/debug \u4ee5\u5916\uff0csysfs\uff08\/sys\uff09\u548c procfs\uff08\/proc\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u63a5\u53e3\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \/dev \u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 dmesg \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7684 \u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u201d \u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 \u201c\u5f15\u5bfc\u53c2\u6570\u201d\uff08\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982 GRUB \u6216 u-boot \u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\uff09\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u8981\u89c6\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u5b9a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6302\u8f7d\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n

\u9664\u4e86 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u6302\u8d77\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6302\u8f7d\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4ed8\u8d39\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u786e\u5b9e\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u5347\u7ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u65e7\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u4e0b\u6302\u8f7d\u7684 Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5417\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u8981\u89c6\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u5b9a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728 2020 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684 Linux \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u4e0a \uff1a<\/p>\n

\n

\u5185\u6838\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53ef\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd9\u6837\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u666e\u904d\u5730\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u5185\u6838\u73b0\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7531\u5185\u6838\u63a5\u53d7\u5e76\u88ab\u73b0\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u529f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5347\u7ea7\u5185\u6838\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 Linux \u7684 API \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u6216 procfs\/sysfs \u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u201c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u6218\u6817\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u3002\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u793e\u533a\u6539\u8fdb\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u201d \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7a81\u7136\u5f00\u59cb\u62d2\u7edd\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u6709\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u660e\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u672a\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5341\u5206\u949f\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u65bd\u5de5\u6807\u5fd7\u4e0a\u5199\u7740\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u6811\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5316\u5185\u6838\u7684 dmesg \u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n

\/dev \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a33\u5b9a\u6216\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1f \u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6 \/dev\/kmsg \u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u30022018 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458 \uff0c\u4f7f\u5185\u6838\u80fd\u591f\u201c\u5728\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 printk() \u6d88\u606f\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u548c\/\u6216\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5e76\u53d1 printk() \u5e72\u6270\u201d\u3002\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u68d2\uff01\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 \/dev\/kmsg \u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ebf\u7a0b ID\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5316\u3002\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86 \/dev\/kmsg \u7684 ABI\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u89e3\u6790\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6ca1\u6709\u7f16\u8bd1\u542f\u7528\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f7f\u7528 \/bin\/dmesg \u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u52a8\u7834\u574f\u4e86  \u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u654f\u9510\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a GDB \u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u7684 \/dev\/kmsg \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Git \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684 \u201c\u6811\u5185\u201d \u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u5185\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5df2\u7ecf\u5408\u5e76\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd \u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48 BPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5462\uff1f<\/h3>\n

 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u76d1\u63a7\u751a\u81f3\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002BPF \u6700\u521d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5373\u65f6\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u6838\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8ddf\u8e2a\u660e\u663e\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55 ABI \u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1  \u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u627f\u8bfa\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u7684 BPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u201c\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u660e\u663e\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5f00\u6e90\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cBPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

2022 \u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c \u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u6848\u63d0\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u578b BPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8865\u4e01\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u9f20\u6807\u548c\u952e\u76d8\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u663e\u7136\u5728  \u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n

\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u201c\u666e\u901a\uff08\u975e\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\uff09\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u5177\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u5b83\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 eBPF\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u89c1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u5e0c\u671b\u5176 BPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u4ecd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458 \u3002\u656c\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u540e\u7ee7\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5185\u6838\u793e\u533a\u5bf9\u4e8e BPF \u548c ABI \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5c06\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n

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\u81f4\u8c22<\/h3>\n

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