{"id":16706,"date":"2024-11-18T09:04:38","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T01:04:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16706\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T09:04:38","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T01:04:38","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8linux%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e5%92%8c%e6%95%85%e9%9a%9c%e6%8e%92%e6%9f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16706\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528linux\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a<br \/>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6545\u969c\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u800c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528linux\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\/var\/log\/messages\u3001var\/log\/syslog\u3001\/var\/log\/auth.log\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\/var\/log\/messages\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>cat \/var\/log\/messages<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e76\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#8221;error&#8221;\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>grep \"error\" \/var\/log\/messages<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u65cb\u8f6c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u65cb\u8f6c\uff08logrotate\uff09\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u65cb\u8f6c\u4f1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ls\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>ls -lh \/var\/log\/messages*<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528top\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002top\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793aCPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>top<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528ps\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408grep\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>ps -ef | grep \"httpd\"<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528netstat\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770bTCP\u3001UDP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>netstat -an<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528df\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>df -h<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528free\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>free -h<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528iostat\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u548cCPU\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>iostat<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<br \/>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>#!\/bin\/bash\n\nlog_file=\"\/var\/log\/messages\"\nkeyword=\"error\"\n\ncount=$(grep -c \"$keyword\" \"$log_file\")\n\necho \"Keyword \"$keyword\" appears $count times in \"$log_file\".\"<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee5\u4e0a\u811a\u672c\u4e3alog_analysis.sh\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>bash log_analysis.sh<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\/var\/log\/messages\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#8221;error&#8221;\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u9605\u8bfb\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528linux\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5 \u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6545\u969c\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u800c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528linux\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790 \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6 \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\/var\/log\/messages\u3001var\/log\/syslog\u3001\/var\/log\/auth.log\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\/var\/log\/messages\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a cat \/var\/log\/messages \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f \u5982\u679c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e76\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#8221;error&#8221;\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a grep &#8220;error&#8221; \/var\/log\/messages \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u65e5\u5fd7\u65cb\u8f6c \u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u65cb\u8f6c\uff08logrotate\uff09\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u65cb\u8f6c\u4f1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ls\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a ls -lh \/var\/log\/messages* \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e8c\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5 \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001 \u4f7f\u7528top\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002top\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793aCPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 top \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f \u4f7f\u7528ps\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408grep\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 ps -ef | grep &#8220;httpd&#8221; \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5 \u4f7f\u7528netstat\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770bTCP\u3001UDP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002 netstat -an \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90 \u4f7f\u7528df\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 df -h \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528free\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 free -h \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528iostat\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u548cCPU\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 iostat \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e09\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff1a #!\/bin\/bash 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