{"id":16707,"date":"2024-11-18T08:30:21","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T00:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16707\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T08:30:21","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T00:30:21","slug":"nginx%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e9%ab%98%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e5%92%8c%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e5%a2%99%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16707\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx\u642d\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u642d\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002Nginx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u9700\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>HTTPS\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8eTLS\/SSL\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982Let&#8217;s Encrypt\uff09\u7533\u8bf7\u514d\u8d39\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u914d\u7f6e\u5230Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n   listen 443 ssl;\n   server_name example.com;\n \n   ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.pem;\n   ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private_key.pem;\n \n   # \u5176\u4ed6Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\n   ...\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528htpasswd\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n   listen 80;\n   server_name example.com;\n   \n   location \/ {\n      auth_basic \"Restricted Access\";\n      auth_basic_user_file \/path\/to\/htpasswd;\n      \n      # \u5176\u4ed6Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\n      ...\n   }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528allow\u548cdeny\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n   listen 80;\n   server_name example.com;\n   \n   location \/ {\n      deny 192.168.1.0\/24;\n      deny 10.0.0.0\/8;\n      allow 192.168.1.100;\n      allow 127.0.0.1;\n      deny all;\n      \n      # \u5176\u4ed6Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\n      ...\n   }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u5c06\u62d2\u7eddIP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.1.0\/24\u548c10.0.0.0\/8\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.1.100\u548c127.0.0.1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u547d\u4ee4\u6216firewalld\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre># \u5141\u8bb8SSH\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5141\u8bb8HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u5219\n...\n\n# \u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8SSH\u3001HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u3001\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u9ad8Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fNginx\u642d\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u642d\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565 \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002Nginx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u9700\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae HTTPS\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8eTLS\/SSL\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982Let&#8217;s Encrypt\uff09\u7533\u8bf7\u514d\u8d39\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u914d\u7f6e\u5230Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a server { listen 443 ssl; server_name example.com; ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.pem; ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private_key.pem; # \u5176\u4ed6Nginx\u914d\u7f6e &#8230; } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5 \u5728Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528htpasswd\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location \/ { auth_basic &#8220;Restricted Access&#8221;; auth_basic_user_file \/path\/to\/htpasswd; # \u5176\u4ed6Nginx\u914d\u7f6e &#8230; } } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236 \u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528allow\u548cdeny\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location \/ { deny [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16707\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}