{"id":16741,"date":"2024-11-18T10:41:53","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T02:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16741\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T10:41:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T02:41:53","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e6%8e%a2%e8%ae%a8nginx%e7%9a%84%e6%b5%81%e9%87%8f%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e5%92%8c%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16741\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Nginx\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

Nginx\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u6e90Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9Nginx\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8nginx\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Nginx\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790
Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. $remote_addr\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. $time_local\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. $uri\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URI\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. $args\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
  5. $http_referer\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6765\u6e90URL\u3002<\/li>\n
  6. $request_method\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08GET\u3001POST\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230Nginx\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n

    http {\n    log_format access_log_format '$remote_addr - $time_local - $request_method $uri';\n    \n    server {\n        access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log access_log_format;\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n
     \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbeNginx\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u52a0\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7edf\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u7684IP\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
    awk -F '-' '$4 &gt;= \"[\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4]\" &amp;&amp; $4 <p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\"[\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4]\"\u548c\"[\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4]\"\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0c\"[URL]\"\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u6240\u9700\u7684URL\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u8bbf\u95eeIP\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e8c\u3001Nginx\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<br>Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><ol><li>IP\u9ed1\u540d\u5355<br>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e9bIP\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u7684deny\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u62d2\u7eddIP\u4e3a192.168.1.1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/li><\/ol><pre class=\"brush:php;toolbar:false;\">http {\n    server {\n        location \/ {\n            deny 192.168.1.1;\n            ...\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n
     \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u901f
      \u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u6216\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u901f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86limit_req\u548climit_conn\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u901f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      limit_req\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\/api\/\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79d210\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
      http {\n    server {\n        location \/api\/ {\n            limit_req zone=api burst=10 nodelay;\n            ...\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n
       \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
      limit_conn\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u9650\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2aIP\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u4e3a10\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
      http {\n    server {\n        limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=ip:10m;\n        \n        location \/ {\n            limit_conn ip 10;\n            ...\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n
       \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u8bbf\u95ee\u6388\u6743
        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u7684allow\u548cdeny\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\/test\/\u63a5\u53e3\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8IP\u4e3a192.168.1.1\u548c192.168.1.2\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
        http {\n    server {\n        location \/test\/ {\n            allow 192.168.1.1;\n            allow 192.168.1.2;\n            deny all;\n            ...\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n
         \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709IP\u4e3a192.168.1.1\u548c192.168.1.2\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bf7\u6c42\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee\/test\/\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86Nginx\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528Nginx\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5730\u5bf9\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u63d0\u5347Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Nginx\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        \u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5 Nginx\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u6e90Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9Nginx\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8nginx\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001Nginx\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\uff1a $remote_addr\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002 $time_local\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 $uri\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URI\u3002 $args\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002 $http_referer\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6765\u6e90URL\u3002 $request_method\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08GET\u3001POST\u7b49\uff09\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5173\u4e8e\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230Nginx\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff1a http { log_format access_log_format ‘$remote_addr – $time_local – $request_method $uri’; server { access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log access_log_format; } } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbeNginx\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u3002 \u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u52a0\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7edf\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u7684IP\u6570\u91cf\uff1a awk -F ‘-‘ ‘$4 &gt;= “[\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4]” &amp;&amp; $4 <p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c”[\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4]”\u548c”[\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4]”\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0c”[URL]”\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u6240\u9700\u7684URL\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u8bbf\u95eeIP\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e8c\u3001Nginx\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<br>Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p><ol><li>IP\u9ed1\u540d\u5355<br>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e9bIP\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u7684deny\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u62d2\u7eddIP\u4e3a192.168.1.1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/li><\/ol><pre class=”brush:php;toolbar:false;”>http { server { location \/ { deny 192.168.1.1; … } } } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u901f\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u6216\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u901f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86limit_req\u548climit_conn\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u901f\u3002 limit_req\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\/api\/\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79d210\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16741"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16741\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}