{"id":16758,"date":"2024-11-18T12:35:54","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16758\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T12:35:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:35:54","slug":"%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e8%a7%a3%e8%af%bbnginx%e7%9a%84%e8%b4%9f%e8%bd%bd%e5%9d%87%e8%a1%a1%e5%92%8c%e9%ab%98%e5%8f%af%e7%94%a8%e6%80%a7%e9%83%a8%e7%bd%b2%e6%96%b9%e6%a1%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16758\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bfbNginx\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>nginx\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848\u8be6\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a<br \/>\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u3002Nginx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u6e90Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bfbNginx\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6982\u8ff0<br \/>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u662f\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5229\u7528\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002Nginx\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u5728Nginx\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eupstream\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8f6e\u8be2\uff08round-robin\uff09\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2\uff08weight round-robin\uff09\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IP Hash\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\uff08least connected\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>URL Hash\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<br \/>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u4e09\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>http {\n  upstream backend {\n    server 192.168.1.101;\n    server 192.168.1.102;\n    server 192.168.1.103;\n  }\n\n  server {\n    listen 80;\n\n    location \/ {\n      proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n    }\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7upstream\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728server\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6elocation\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848<br \/>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4e3b\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u8005\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u7ed3\u6784\u90e8\u7f72Nginx\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4e3b\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Active-Passive\uff09<br \/>\u5728\u4e3b\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u5907\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u63a5\u7ba1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7keepalived\u5de5\u5177\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u6362\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>http {\n  upstream backend {\n    server 192.168.1.101;\n    server 192.168.1.102 backup;\n  }\n\n  server {\n    listen 80;\n\n    location \/ {\n      proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n    }\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86backup\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Active-Active\uff09<br \/>\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5206\u53d1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528LVS\uff08Linux Virtual Server\uff09\u6216\u8005HAProxy\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u5907\u4efd\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>http {\n  upstream backend {\n    server 192.168.1.101;\n    server 192.168.1.102;\n  }\n\n  server {\n    listen 80;\n\n    location \/ {\n      proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n    }\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7upstream\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<br \/>Nginx\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5747\u8861\u5229\u7528\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86Nginx\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bfbNginx\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>nginx\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848\u8be6\u89e3 \u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u3002Nginx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f00\u6e90Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bfbNginx\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 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round-robin\uff09\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 IP Hash\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002 \u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\uff08least connected\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 URL Hash\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002 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