{"id":16788,"date":"2024-11-18T12:11:23","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16788\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T12:11:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T04:11:23","slug":"%e8%af%a6%e7%bb%86%e5%89%96%e6%9e%90nginx%e7%9a%84ssl-tls%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%8a%a0%e5%af%86%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16788\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8be6\u7ec6\u5256\u6790Nginx\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u6d41\u884c\u7684web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684http\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301ssl\/tls\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5256\u6790nginx\u7684ssl\/tls\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u4ee5\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u6f14\u793a\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1. SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<p>SSL\uff08Secure Sockets Layer\uff09\u548cTLS\uff08Transport Layer Security\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002SSL\u6700\u521d\u7531Netscape\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7531TLS\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2. Nginx\u7684SSL\/TLS\u652f\u6301<\/h2>\n<p>Nginx\u901a\u8fc7OpenSSL\u5e93\u6765\u652f\u6301SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6307\u5b9aSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0cNginx\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private.key;\n\n    location \/ {\n        # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7listen\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u4e3a443\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7ssl\u53c2\u6570\u542f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u3002ssl_certificate\u548cssl_certificate_key\u6307\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3. SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.1 \u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982AES\uff08Advanced Encryption Standard\uff09\uff0cDES\uff08Data Encryption Standard\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ssl_ciphers\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3aAES\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a128\u4f4d\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private.key;\n    ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA;\n\n    location \/ {\n        # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6<\/h3>\n<p>\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5bf9\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u3002\u516c\u94a5\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u79c1\u94a5\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e0e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709RSA\u548cECC\uff08Elliptic Curve Cryptography\uff09\u3002Nginx\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7ssl_certificate\u548cssl_certificate_key\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3aRSA\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private.key;\n    ssl_ciphers RSA;\n\n    location \/ {\n        # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h2>4. Nginx\u7684SSL\/TLS\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0cNginx\u5f15\u5165\u4e86SSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u3002SSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8SSL\/TLS\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u52a0\u901f\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u901a\u8fc7ssl_session_cache\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9aSSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8\u7684SSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a10M\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private.key;\n    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;\n\n    location \/ {\n        # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h2>5. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u5256\u6790\u4e86Nginx\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Nginx\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u4ee5\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Nginx\u7684SSL\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528Nginx\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u5256\u6790Nginx\u7684SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u6d41\u884c\u7684web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684http\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301ssl\/tls\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5256\u6790nginx\u7684ssl\/tls\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u4ee5\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u6f14\u793a\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 1. SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u7b80\u4ecb SSL\uff08Secure Sockets Layer\uff09\u548cTLS\uff08Transport Layer Security\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002SSL\u6700\u521d\u7531Netscape\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7531TLS\u53d6\u4ee3\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u3002 SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002 2. Nginx\u7684SSL\/TLS\u652f\u6301 Nginx\u901a\u8fc7OpenSSL\u5e93\u6765\u652f\u6301SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6307\u5b9aSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0cNginx\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\uff1a server { listen 443 ssl; server_name example.com; ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt; ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private.key; location \/ { # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u9879 } } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5728\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7listen\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u4e3a443\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7ssl\u53c2\u6570\u542f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u3002ssl_certificate\u548cssl_certificate_key\u6307\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002 3. SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 3.1 \u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6 \u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002 Nginx\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982AES\uff08Advanced Encryption Standard\uff09\uff0cDES\uff08Data Encryption Standard\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ssl_ciphers\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3aAES\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u5bc6\u94a5\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a128\u4f4d\uff1a server { listen 443 ssl; server_name example.com; ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt; ssl_certificate_key [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16788\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}