{"id":16948,"date":"2024-11-18T17:03:48","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16948\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T17:03:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:03:48","slug":"%e5%a2%9e%e5%bc%ba%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%9a%e7%86%9f%e7%bb%83%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%bf%99%e4%ba%9b%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16948\/","title":{"rendered":"\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/465\/014\/169422743574518.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u5bc6\u7801\u5916\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u589e\u5f3aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<br \/>\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>cat \/var\/log\/auth.log       # Ubuntu\ncat \/var\/log\/secure         # CentOS<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6bcf\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5<br \/>\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>netstat -atn   # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709TCP\u8fde\u63a5\nnetstat -aun   # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709UDP\u8fde\u63a5<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u627e\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f<br \/>\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u626b\u63cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>find \/ -name \"*.php\"     # \u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709.php\u6587\u4ef6\nfind \/ -name \"suspicious_file\"    # \u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u5f02\u5e38\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u626b\u63cf<br \/>\u53ca\u65f6\u4fee\u8865\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u626b\u63cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade\nsudo apt-get dist-upgrade<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5217\u8868\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u53ef\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<br \/>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>ufw enable    # \u542f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\nufw allow ssh    # \u5141\u8bb8SSH\u8fde\u63a5\nufw allow http    # \u5141\u8bb8HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\nufw allow https    # \u5141\u8bb8HTTPS\u8fde\u63a5<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u8bbe\u7f6e<br \/>\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>sudo passwd -l username    # \u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\nsudo passwd -e username    # \u5f3a\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\nsudo chage -l username    # \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u66f4\u6539\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90<br \/>\u76d1\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>top    # \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\nps aux    # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\ndu -h    # \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<br \/>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u662fLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u79ef\u6781\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u9020\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4 \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u5bc6\u7801\u5916\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u589e\u5f3aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a cat \/var\/log\/auth.log # Ubuntu cat \/var\/log\/secure # CentOS \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6bcf\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a netstat -atn # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709TCP\u8fde\u63a5 netstat -aun # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709UDP\u8fde\u63a5 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u3002 \u67e5\u627e\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u626b\u63cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a find \/ -name &#8220;*.php&#8221; # 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