{"id":16965,"date":"2024-11-18T08:12:23","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T00:12:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16965\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T08:12:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T00:12:23","slug":"linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e5%bf%85%e5%a4%87%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8e%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/16965\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/465\/014\/169423813721271.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u7684Linux\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4e3a\u60a8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u91c7\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1atail \/var\/log\/syslog<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1atail \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770bWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1atail \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u72b6\u6001\uff1asudo ufw status<\/li>\n<li>\u542f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1asudo ufw enable<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1asudo ufw disable<\/li>\n<li>\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1asudo ufw allow 22 (\u5141\u8bb8SSH\u8bbf\u95ee)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5165\u7ad9\u548c\u51fa\u7ad9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8865\u4e01\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5217\u8868\uff1asudo apt update<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\uff1asudo apt upgrade<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\uff1asudo apt list &#8211;upgradable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff1asudo chown owner:group file<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\uff1asudo chmod permissions file<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\uff1asudo chmod permissions directory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\uff1asudo passwd -l username \uff08\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u8981\u6c42\uff1asudo grep &#8220;password&#8221; \/etc\/pam.d\/common-password<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63d0\u5230\u7684Linux\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u5165\u95e8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u77e5\u8bc6\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u52a0\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406 \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u4e60\u5fc5\u5907\u7684Linux\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4e3a\u60a8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6 \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u91c7\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1atail \/var\/log\/syslog \u67e5\u770b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1atail \/var\/log\/auth.log \u67e5\u770bWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1atail \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log 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