{"id":17151,"date":"2024-11-18T08:01:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T00:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/17151\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T08:01:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T00:01:22","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8systemd%e5%92%8ccrontab%e5%9c%a8linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e5%ae%9a%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%bb%e5%8a%a1%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%98%e5%85%88%e7%ba%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/17151\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u63d2\u56fe\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9a\u65f6\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u51c6\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a0d\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Systemd\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Systemd\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728Systemd\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684Timer\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00Terminal\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 mytimer.timer\uff1a<\/p>\n

    sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/mytimer.timer<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
    \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
    [Unit]\nDescription=MyTimer\n\n[Timer]\nOnCalendar=*-*-* *:*:00\nAccuracySec=1s\nPersistent=true\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
    \u5728 [Timer] \u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 AccuracySec \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\u8868\u793a\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574 OnCalendar \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dSystemd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n
    sudo systemctl daemon-reload\nsudo systemctl start mytimer.timer<\/pre>\n
      \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. Crontab\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Crontab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91Crontab\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nice \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\u8868\u793a\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5728Crontab\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00Terminal\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684Crontab\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
      crontab -e<\/pre>\n
        \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
      \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u7684Crontab\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
      * * * * * nice -n -10 \/path\/to\/command<\/pre>\n
        \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
      \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 nice -n -10 \u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e3a -10\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ecd\u7136\u9075\u5faaCrontab\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0cCron\u5c06\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6765\u8c03\u5ea6\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Systemd\u548cCrontab\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u65f6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539Timer\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e AccuracySec \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u800c\u5728Crontab\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 nice \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u4f1a\u66f4\u4f18\u5148\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9a\u65f6\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u51c6\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a0d\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 Systemd\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8bbe\u7f6e Systemd\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728Systemd\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684Timer\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00Terminal\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 mytimer.timer\uff1a sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/mytimer.timer \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a [Unit] Description=MyTimer [Timer] OnCalendar=*-*-* *:*:00 AccuracySec=1s Persistent=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5728 [Timer] \u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 AccuracySec \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\u8868\u793a\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574 OnCalendar \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002 \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dSystemd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl start mytimer.timer \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002 Crontab\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8bbe\u7f6e Crontab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91Crontab\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nice \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\u8868\u793a\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5728Crontab\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00Terminal\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684Crontab\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a crontab -e \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u7684Crontab\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a * * * * * nice 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