{"id":17177,"date":"2024-11-18T09:27:44","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T01:27:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/17177\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T09:27:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T01:27:44","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8systemd%e5%92%8ccrontab%e5%9c%a8linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%bb%e5%8a%a1%e4%be%9d%e8%b5%96%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/17177\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u63d2\u56fe\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u5404\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002Systemd\u548cCrontab\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Systemd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

Systemd\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7Unit\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Unit\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u52a1\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aUnit\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528[Unit]\u548c[Service]\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amytask.service\u7684Unit\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

    [Unit]
    Description=My Task
    After=network.target<\/p>\n

    [Service]
    Type=simple
    ExecStart=\/path\/to\/mytask.sh<\/p>\n

    [Unit]\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c[Service]\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amytask.service\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8enetwork.target\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amytask.sh\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

      !\/bin\/bash<\/h1>\n

      echo “Hello, World!”<\/p>\n

      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761”Hello, World!”\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u5c06Unit\u6587\u4ef6\u548cShell\u811a\u672c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06mytask.service\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\/etc\/systemd\/system\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06mytask.sh\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\/path\/to\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528systemctl\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n

          sudo systemctl start mytask.service<\/p>\n

          \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u505c\u6b62\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n

          sudo systemctl stop mytask.service<\/p>\n

          \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n

          sudo systemctl status mytask.service<\/p>\n

          \u4e8c\u3001Crontab\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

          Crontab\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u6267\u884ccrontab -e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684Crontab\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
          2. \u7f16\u8f91Crontab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Crontab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

            m h dom mon dow command<\/h1>\n

            0 0 <\/em> * \/path\/to\/task1.sh
            10 0 <\/em> * \/path\/to\/task2.sh<\/p>\n

            \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff1atask1.sh\u548ctask2.sh\u3002task2.sh\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8etask1.sh\uff0c\u5373task2.sh\u5fc5\u987b\u5728task1.sh\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u521b\u5efaShell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3atask1.sh\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

              !\/bin\/bash<\/h1>\n

              echo “Task 1”<\/p>\n

              \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3atask2.sh\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

              !\/bin\/bash<\/h1>\n

              echo “Task 2”<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ctask1.sh\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f”Task 1″\uff0ctask2.sh\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f”Task 2″\u3002<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u5c06Shell\u811a\u672c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06task1.sh\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\/path\/to\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06task2.sh\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\/path\/to\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Crontab\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4efb\u52a1\u6309\u7167\u9884\u671f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n

                  Systemd\u548cCrontab\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb \u5f15\u8a00\uff1a \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u5404\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002Systemd\u548cCrontab\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Systemd\u548cCrontab\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001Systemd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb Systemd\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7Unit\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Unit\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u52a1\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aUnit\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528[Unit]\u548c[Service]\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amytask.service\u7684Unit\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a [Unit]Description=My TaskAfter=network.target [Service]Type=simpleExecStart=\/path\/to\/mytask.sh [Unit]\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c[Service]\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amytask.service\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8enetwork.target\u670d\u52a1\u3002 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amytask.sh\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a !\/bin\/bash echo “Hello, World!” \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761”Hello, World!”\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u5c06Unit\u6587\u4ef6\u548cShell\u811a\u672c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06mytask.service\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\/etc\/systemd\/system\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06mytask.sh\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\/path\/to\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528systemctl\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a sudo systemctl start mytask.service \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u505c\u6b62\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a sudo systemctl stop mytask.service \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a sudo systemctl status mytask.service \u4e8c\u3001Crontab\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb Crontab\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 \u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u6267\u884ccrontab -e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684Crontab\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u7f16\u8f91Crontab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Crontab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a m h dom mon dow command 0 0 * 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