{"id":17507,"date":"2024-11-18T17:11:30","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/17507\/"},"modified":"2024-11-18T17:11:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T09:11:30","slug":"%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e5%92%8c%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6-linux-%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%97%e6%ae%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/17507\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7814\u7a76 Linux \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n

\u300aLinux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5217\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u300b<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb0\u5f55\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u5217\uff08\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u6570\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u6570<\/h3>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cawk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5217\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

awk '{print NF}' logfile<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6logfile\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4e2dNF\u662fawk\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u884c\u4e2d\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5217\uff09\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5f97\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684shell\u811a\u672c\u6765\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\nfor logfile in \/var\/log\/*.log; do\n    echo \"Analyzing columns in $logfile\"\n    awk '{print NF}' $logfile\ndone<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\/var\/log\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ee5.log\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6279\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u591a\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u5206\u6790\u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aaccess.log\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
2022-01-01 08:00:00 200 OK \/index.html\n2022-01-01 08:05:00 404 Not Found \/page.html\n2022-01-01 08:10:00 500 Internal Server Error \/api<\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6216shell\u811a\u672c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u5305\u542b\u4e864\u4e2a\u5217\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42URL\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h3>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u548cshell\u811a\u672c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u63a2\u7d22Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7814\u7a76 Linux \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u300aLinux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5217\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u300b \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb0\u5f55\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u5217\uff08\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u6570\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u6570\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u3002 1. \u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u6570 \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cawk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5217\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a awk ‘{print NF}’ logfile \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6logfile\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4e2dNF\u662fawk\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u884c\u4e2d\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5217\uff09\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5f97\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 2. \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5206\u6790 \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684shell\u811a\u672c\u6765\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u811a\u672c\uff1a #!\/bin\/bash for logfile in \/var\/log\/*.log; do echo “Analyzing columns in $logfile” awk ‘{print NF}’ $logfile done \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\/var\/log\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ee5.log\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6279\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u591a\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 3. \u5206\u6790\u6848\u4f8b \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aaccess.log\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a 2022-01-01 08:00:00 200 OK \/index.html 2022-01-01 08:05:00 404 Not Found \/page.html 2022-01-01 08:10:00 500 Internal Server Error \/api \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6216shell\u811a\u672c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u5305\u542b\u4e864\u4e2a\u5217\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42URL\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17507\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}