{"id":28545,"date":"2024-11-25T17:46:10","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T09:46:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/28545\/"},"modified":"2024-11-25T17:46:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T09:46:10","slug":"python%e4%b9%8bxml%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/28545\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u4e4bXML\u89e3\u6790\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\uff1f<\/h2>\n

xml \u6307\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\uff08ex<\/strong>tensible m<\/strong>arkup l<\/strong>anguage\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

XML \u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

XML\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u4e49\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u8bb0\u5c06\u6587\u6863\u5206\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u90e8\u4ef6\u5e76\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u4ef6\u52a0\u4ee5\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u5143\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5173\u7684\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5bf9XML\u7684\u89e3\u6790<\/h2>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u7684XML\u6709DOM\u548cSAX\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\u5904\u7406XML\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u5408\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7acb\u5373\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\u201c\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n

python\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790XML\uff0cSAX\uff0cDOM\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caElementTree:<\/p>\n

1.SAX (simple XML )<\/h3>\n

python \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5305\u542bSAX\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0cSAX\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u89e3\u6790XML\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6765\u5904\u7406XML\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

2.DOM( )<\/h3>\n

\u5c06XML\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6811\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6811\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u64cd\u4f5cXML\u3002<\/p>\n

3.ElementTree(\u5143\u7d20\u6811)<\/h3>\n

ElementTree\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684DOM\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u4fbf\u53cb\u597d\u7684API\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c\u6d88\u8017\u5185\u5b58\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a<\/strong>\u56e0DOM\u9700\u8981\u5c06XML\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6811\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8017\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800cSAX\u6d41\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6XML\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u73b0\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\uff08haner\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684XML\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6587\u4ef6movies.xml\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

<collection><movie>\r\n   <type>War, Thriller<\/type>\r\n   <format>DVD<\/format>\r\n   <year>2003<\/year>\r\n   <rating>PG<\/rating>\r\n   <stars>10<\/stars>\r\n   <description>Talk about a US-Japan war<\/description><\/movie><movie>\r\n   <type>Anime, Science Fiction<\/type>\r\n   <format>DVD<\/format>\r\n   <year>1989<\/year>\r\n   <rating>R<\/rating>\r\n   <stars>8<\/stars>\r\n   <description>A schientific fiction<\/description><\/movie>\r\n   <movie>\r\n   <type>Anime, Action<\/type>\r\n   <format>DVD<\/format>\r\n   <episodes>4<\/episodes>\r\n   <rating>PG<\/rating>\r\n   <stars>10<\/stars>\r\n   <description>Vash the Stampede!<\/description><\/movie><movie>\r\n   <type>Comedy<\/type>\r\n   <format>VHS<\/format>\r\n   <rating>PG<\/rating>\r\n   <stars>2<\/stars>\r\n   <description>Viewable boredom<\/description><\/movie><\/collection><\/pre>\n
 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
\n
python\u4f7f\u7528SAX\u89e3\u6790xml<\/h2>\n
SAX\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5229\u7528SAX\u89e3\u6790XML\u6587\u6863\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206:\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bfb\u53d6XML\u6587\u6863,\u5e76\u5411\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e8b\u4ef6,\u5982\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\u8ddf\u5143\u7d20\u7ed3\u675f\u4e8b\u4ef6;<\/p>\n
\u800c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94,\u5bf9\u4f20\u9012\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    1\u3001\u5bf9\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    2\u3001\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u9700\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    3\u3001\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u5728python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528sax\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406xml\u8981\u5148\u5f15\u5165xml.sax\u4e2d\u7684parse\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709xml.sax.handler\u4e2d\u7684ContentHandler\u3002<\/p>\n
    ContentHandler\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n
    characters(content)\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u673a\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u4ece\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6807\u7b7e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\uff0ccontent\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c \u5b58\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\uff0ccontent\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\uff0ccontent\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6807\u7b7e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/p>\n
    startDocument()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u6587\u6863\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
    Document()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5230\u8fbe\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u5c3e\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
    startElement(name, attrs)\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u9047\u5230XML\u5f00\u59cb\u6807\u7b7e\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\uff0cname\u662f\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0cattrs\u662f\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u503c\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n
    endElement(name)\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u9047\u5230XML\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u7b7e\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    make_parser\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n
    xml.sax.make_parser( [parser_list] )<\/pre>\n
     \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
    \u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \n
      parser_list<\/strong> – \u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
      parser\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a SAX \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5e76\u89e3\u6790xml\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/p>\n
      xml.sax.parse( xmlfile, contenthandler[, errorhandler])<\/pre>\n
       \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
      \u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e:<\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
        xmlfile<\/strong> – xml\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        contenthandler<\/strong> – \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aContentHandler\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        errorhandler<\/strong> – \u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0cerrorhandler\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aSAX ErrorHandler\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
        parse\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
        parseString\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aXML\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5e76\u89e3\u6790xml\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a<\/p>\n
        xml.sax.parseString(xmlstring, contenthandler[, errorhandler])<\/pre>\n
         \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
        \u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e:<\/p>\n
          \n
        • \n
          xmlstring<\/strong> – xml\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          contenthandler<\/strong> – \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aContentHandler\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          errorhandler<\/strong> – \u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0cerrorhandler\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aSAX ErrorHandler\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n
          Python \u89e3\u6790XML\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
          #!\/usr\/bin\/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import xml.saxclass MovieHandler( xml.sax.ContentHandler ):\r\n   def init(self):\r\n      self.CurrentData = \"\"\r\n      self.type = \"\"\r\n      self.format = \"\"\r\n      self.year = \"\"\r\n      self.rating = \"\"\r\n      self.stars = \"\"\r\n      self.description = \"\"\r\n\r\n   # \u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\r\n   def startElement(self, tag, attributes):\r\n      self.CurrentData = tag      if tag == \"movie\":\r\n         print \"*****Movie*****\"\r\n         title = attributes[\"title\"]\r\n         print \"Title:\", title   # \u5143\u7d20\u7ed3\u675f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\r\n   def endElement(self, tag):\r\n      if self.CurrentData == \"type\":\r\n         print \"Type:\", self.type      elif self.CurrentData == \"format\":\r\n         print \"Format:\", self.format      elif self.CurrentData == \"year\":\r\n         print \"Year:\", self.year      elif self.CurrentData == \"rating\":\r\n         print \"Rating:\", self.rating\r\n      elif self.CurrentData == \"stars\":\r\n         print \"Stars:\", self.stars\r\n      elif self.CurrentData == \"description\":\r\n         print \"Description:\", self.description\r\n      self.CurrentData = \"\"\r\n\r\n   # \u5185\u5bb9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\r\n   def characters(self, content):\r\n      if self.CurrentData == \"type\":\r\n         self.type = content\r\n      elif self.CurrentData == \"format\":\r\n         self.format = content\r\n      elif self.CurrentData == \"year\":\r\n         self.year = content\r\n      elif self.CurrentData == \"rating\":\r\n         self.rating = content\r\n      elif self.CurrentData == \"stars\":\r\n         self.stars = content\r\n      elif self.CurrentData == \"description\":\r\n         self.description = content\r\n  \r\nif ( name == \"main\"):\r\n   \r\n   # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a XMLReader\r\n   parser = xml.sax.make_parser()\r\n   # turn off namepsaces\r\n   parser.setFeature(xml.sax.handler.feature_namespaces, 0)\r\n\r\n   # \u91cd\u5199 ContextHandler\r\n   Handler = MovieHandler()\r\n   parser.setContentHandler( Handler )\r\n   \r\n   parser.parse(\"movies.xml\")<\/pre>\n
           \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
          \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          *****Movie*****Title: Enemy BehindType: War, ThrillerFormat: DVDYear: 2003Rating: PGStars: 10Description: Talk about a US-Japan war*****Movie*****Title: TransformersType: Anime, Science FictionFormat: DVDYear: 1989Rating: RStars: 8Description: A schientific fiction*****Movie*****Title: TrigunType: Anime, ActionFormat: DVDRating: PGStars: 10Description: Vash the Stampede!*****Movie*****Title: IshtarType: ComedyFormat: VHSRating: PGStars: 2Description: Viewable boredom<\/pre>\n
           \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
          \n
          \u4f7f\u7528xml.dom\u89e3\u6790xml<\/h2>\n
          \u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff08Document Object Model\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0DOM\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7f6e\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u4e2a DOM \u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a XML \u6587\u6863\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u628a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u91cc\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528DOM \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165xml\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          python\u4e2d\u7528xml.dom.minidom\u6765\u89e3\u6790xml\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          #!\/usr\/bin\/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from xml.dom.minidom import parseimport xml.dom.minidom# \u4f7f\u7528minidom\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6253\u5f00 XML \u6587\u6863DOMTree = xml.dom.minidom.parse(\"movies.xml\")collection = DOMTree.documentElementif collection.hasAttribute(\"shelf\"):\r\n   print \"Root element : %s\" % collection.getAttribute(\"shelf\")# \u5728\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7535\u5f71movies = collection.getElementsByTagName(\"movie\")# \u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606ffor movie in movies:\r\n   print \"*****Movie*****\"\r\n   if movie.hasAttribute(\"title\"):\r\n      print \"Title: %s\" % movie.getAttribute(\"title\")\r\n\r\n   type = movie.getElementsByTagName('type')[0]\r\n   print \"Type: %s\" % type.childNodes[0].data\r\n   format = movie.getElementsByTagName('format')[0]\r\n   print \"Format: %s\" % format.childNodes[0].data\r\n   rating = movie.getElementsByTagName('rating')[0]\r\n   print \"Rating: %s\" % rating.childNodes[0].data\r\n   description = movie.getElementsByTagName('description')[0]\r\n   print \"Description: %s\" % description.childNodes[0].data<\/pre>\n
           \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
          \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          Root element : New Arrivals*****Movie*****Title: Enemy BehindType: War, ThrillerFormat: DVDRating: PGDescription: Talk about a US-Japan war*****Movie*****Title: TransformersType: Anime, Science FictionFormat: DVDRating: RDescription: A schientific fiction*****Movie*****Title: TrigunType: Anime, ActionFormat: DVDRating: PGDescription: Vash the Stampede!*****Movie*****Title: IshtarType: ComedyFormat: VHSRating: PGDescription: Viewable boredom<\/pre>\n
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