{"id":3101,"date":"2024-11-10T15:13:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T07:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/3101\/"},"modified":"2024-11-10T15:13:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T07:13:06","slug":"typescript%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/3101\/","title":{"rendered":"typescript\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>\n  typescript \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u503c\u63a8\u65ad\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 ? \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6807\u8bb0\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\uff1a\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\uff1a\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7c7b\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/202411\/07\/2024110723422310986.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"typescript\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"typescript\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>TypeScript \u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n<p>TypeScript \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e3a JavaScript \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u548c OOP \u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f TypeScript \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u663e\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>const name = \"John\"; \/\/ \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\u4e3a string<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h3>2. \u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 ? \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>interface Person {\n  name: string;\n  age?: number; \/\/ \u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h3>3. \u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a type1 | type2 | &#8230;\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>let result: number | string;\nresult = 10; \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\nresult = \"Hello\"; \/\/ \u4e5f\u6b63\u786e<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h3>4. \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d<\/h3>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>function greet(name: string): void;\nfunction greet(name: string, age: number): void;\n\nfunction greet(name: string, age?: number) {\n  if (age) {\n    console.log(`Hello, ${name}. You are ${age} years old.`);\n  } else {\n    console.log(`Hello, ${name}.`);\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h3>5. \u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d<\/h3>\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a type AliasName = ExistingType;\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>type StrOrNum = string | number;\nlet result: StrOrNum;\nresult = \"Hello\"; \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\nresult = 10; \/\/ \u4e5f\u6b63\u786e<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h3>6. \u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>interface Person {\n  name: string;\n  age: number;\n  greet(): void;\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<h3>7. \u7c7b<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript \u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a class ClassName { &#8230; }\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>class Person {\n  name: string;\n  age: number;\n\n  constructor(name: string, age: number) {\n    this.name = name;\n    this.age = age;\n  }\n\n  greet() {\n    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name}.`);\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>typescript \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u503c\u63a8\u65ad\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 ? \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6807\u8bb0\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\uff1a\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\uff1a\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7c7b\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 TypeScript \u5e38\u7528\u6280\u5de7 TypeScript \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e3a JavaScript \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u548c OOP \u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f TypeScript \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff1a 1. \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad TypeScript \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u663e\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a const name = &#8220;John&#8221;; \/\/ \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\u4e3a string \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 2. \u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027 \u4f7f\u7528 ? \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a interface Person { name: string; age?: number; \/\/ \u53ef\u9009\u5c5e\u6027 } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 3. \u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b \u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a type1 | type2 | &#8230;\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a let result: number | string; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3101\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}