{"id":50341,"date":"2024-12-03T12:35:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T04:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/50341\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T12:35:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T04:35:52","slug":"how-qubits-are-physically-implemented","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/50341\/","title":{"rendered":"How Qubits are physically implemented?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>How Qubits are physically implemented?<\/h1>\n<p>\u79ef\u7d2f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u80dc\u8fc7\u79ef\u84c4\u91d1\u94f6\uff01\u6bd5\u7adf\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u638c\u63e1\u597d\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u672c\u6587\u300aHow Qubits are physically implemented?\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u60f3\u641e\u61c2\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf7\u4f60\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u770b\u5427~<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b63\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002 <br \/> \u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u5178\u4f4d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u3002\u4e0e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f 0 \u6216 1 \u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53e0\u52a0\u548c\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <br \/> \u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c1bb23.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><br \/> \u6355\u83b7\u79bb\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5229\u7528\u9650\u5236\u5728\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7535\u5b50\u6001\u5145\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u6fc0\u5149\u675f\u64cd\u7eb5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6355\u83b7\u79bb\u5b50\u6700\u663e\u7740\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fc7\u6570\u79d2\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7d2f\u79ef\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u6355\u83b7\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c1f59f.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe1\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe1\" \/><br \/> \u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f (NMR) \u5229\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u78c1\u573a\u548c\u5c04\u9891\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7f16\u7801\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 NMR \u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u6f14\u793a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u5927\u91cf\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5c0f\u578b NMR \u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0 Shor \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u5927\u6570\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c275be.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe2\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe2\" \/><br \/> \u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u4e2d\u7684\u6c2e\u7a7a\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5f53\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u4f4d\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u6001\u5145\u5f53\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u663e\u7740\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u957f\u76f8\u5e72\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 NV \u4e2d\u5fc3\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u78c1\u573a\u548c\u7535\u573a\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u4f20\u611f\u5e94\u7528\u7279\u522b\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u78c1\u77e9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u6210\u50cf\u548c\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c2ae1c.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe3\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe3\" \/><br \/> \u4e2d\u6027\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u6355\u83b7\u5728\u5149\u5b66\u6676\u683c\u6216\u954a\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u5149\u51b7\u5374\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u80fd\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u6fc0\u5149\u8109\u51b2\u5219\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u64cd\u7eb5\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e2d\u6027\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5927\u91cf\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c2c2e6.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe4\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe4\" \/><br \/> \u5149\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5149\u5b50\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u504f\u632f\u6216\u76f8\u4f4d\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u675f\u5668\u548c\u79fb\u76f8\u5668\u7b49\u7ebf\u6027\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5149\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u522b\u6709\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u635f\u5931\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5bc6\u94a5\u5206\u53d1 (QKD) \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c31741.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe5\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe5\" \/><br \/> \u8d85\u5bfc\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u662f\u7531\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u6ce2\u9891\u7387\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u91cf\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u8def\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u68ee\u7ed3\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7535\u611f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u5efa\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8d85\u5bfc\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u56e0\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u73b0\u6709\u7535\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u548c\u9ad8\u95e8\u901f\u5ea6\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002 IBM \u548c\u8c37\u6b4c\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d85\u5bfc\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684 Sycamore \u5904\u7406\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u9738\u6743\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c34697.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe6\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe6\" \/><br \/> \u62d3\u6251\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5229\u7528\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u5b50\u7684\u5947\u5f02\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u62d3\u6251\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u7f16\u7801\u800c\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b83\u4eec\u514d\u53d7\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u867d\u7136\u62d3\u6251\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u671b\u6784\u5efa\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7ea0\u9519\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c3a777.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe7\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe7\" \/><br \/> \u8154 QED \u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u8d85\u5bfc\u7535\u8def\u8026\u5408\u5230\u5149\u5b66\u6216\u5fae\u6ce2\u8154\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u91cf\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5149\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u7535\u8def\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8154 QED \u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7528\u4e8e\u6f14\u793a\u7ea0\u7f20\u548c\u53e0\u52a0\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241117\/17318396446739c69c3ff81.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe8\" alt=\"How Qubits are physically implemented?\u63d2\u56fe8\" \/><br \/> \u91cf\u5b50\u70b9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u80fd\u7ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5bf9\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u70b9\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5355\u5149\u5b50\u6e90\u5230\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<br \/> \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u666f\u89c2\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff08\u4ece\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u548c\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u300aHow Qubits are physically implemented?\u300b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u77e5\u8bc6\uff01<\/p>\n<p>      \u7248\u672c\u58f0\u660e \u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e8e\uff1adev.to \u5982\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Qubits are physically implemented? \u79ef\u7d2f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u80dc\u8fc7\u79ef\u84c4\u91d1\u94f6\uff01\u6bd5\u7adf\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u638c\u63e1\u597d\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u672c\u6587\u300aHow Qubits are physically implemented?\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u60f3\u641e\u61c2\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf7\u4f60\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u770b\u5427~ \u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b63\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002 \u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u5178\u4f4d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u3002\u4e0e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f 0 \u6216 1 \u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53e0\u52a0\u548c\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u6280\u672f\u3002 \u6355\u83b7\u79bb\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5229\u7528\u9650\u5236\u5728\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7535\u5b50\u6001\u5145\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u6fc0\u5149\u675f\u64cd\u7eb5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6355\u83b7\u79bb\u5b50\u6700\u663e\u7740\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fc7\u6570\u79d2\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7d2f\u79ef\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u6355\u83b7\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8d85\u8d8a\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002 \u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f (NMR) \u5229\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u78c1\u573a\u548c\u5c04\u9891\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7f16\u7801\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 NMR \u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u6f14\u793a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u5927\u91cf\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5c0f\u578b NMR \u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0 Shor 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