{"id":51048,"date":"2024-12-03T08:40:32","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T00:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51048\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T08:40:32","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T00:40:32","slug":"%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%9a%e7%86%9f%e7%bb%83%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%bf%99%e4%ba%9b%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51048\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n<p>\u5077\u5077\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6084\u65e0\u58f0\u606f\u5730\u53d8\u5f3a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u60ca\u8273\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff01\u54c8\u54c8\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u53c8\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u5566~\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c06\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\"><\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5176\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u5427\uff01\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u591a\u591a\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6237\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cLinux\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u5165\u4fb5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iptables\uff1aiptables \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528 iptables \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>iptables -L\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<li>iptables -A INPUT -p tcp &#8211;dport 22 -j DROP\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u5bf9SSH\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>fail2ban\uff1afail2ban \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u7981\u6b62\u6765\u81ea\u6076\u610f IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528 fail2ban \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>fail2ban-client status\uff1a\u67e5\u770b fail2ban \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>fail2ban-client set ssh banip 10.0.0.1\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 IP \u5730\u5740 10.0.0.1 \u52a0\u5165\u5230 SSH \u5c01\u7981\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>chown \u548c chmod\uff1achown \u548c chmod \u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>chown root:root \/path\/to\/file\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a root \u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<li>chmod 700 \/path\/to\/file\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>ssh-keygen\uff1assh-keygen \u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>ssh-keygen -t rsa\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684 RSA \u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ssh-copy-id user@server\uff1a\u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u514d\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Sudo\uff1aSudo \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6388\u6743\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u7279\u6743\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Sudo \u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u7279\u6743\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u5230\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>sudo apt-get update\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 Sudo \u6267\u884c\u7279\u6743\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>SELinux \u548c AppArmor\uff1aSELinux \u548c AppArmor \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316 Linux \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>getenforce\uff1a\u67e5\u770b SELinux \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>aa-status\uff1a\u67e5\u770b AppArmor \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u963b\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u8c28\u614e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u610f\u5916\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86\u300a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5c06\u5176\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u9632\u706b\u5899,\u5bc6\u7801,\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff01<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt><\/dt>\n<dd>\n   \u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3PHP8\u5e95\u5c42\u5f00\u53d1\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\n <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4 \u5077\u5077\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6084\u65e0\u58f0\u606f\u5730\u53d8\u5f3a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u60ca\u8273\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff01\u54c8\u54c8\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u53c8\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u5566~\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c06\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230\u7b49\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5176\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u5427\uff01\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u591a\u591a\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65\uff01 \u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4 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\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528 iptables \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a iptables -L\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp &#8211;dport 22 -j DROP\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u5bf9SSH\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 fail2ban\uff1afail2ban \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u7981\u6b62\u6765\u81ea\u6076\u610f IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528 fail2ban \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a fail2ban-client status\uff1a\u67e5\u770b fail2ban \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002 fail2ban-client set ssh banip 10.0.0.1\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 IP \u5730\u5740 10.0.0.1 \u52a0\u5165\u5230 SSH \u5c01\u7981\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002 chown \u548c chmod\uff1achown \u548c chmod \u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\uff1a chown root:root \/path\/to\/file\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a root \u7528\u6237\u3002 chmod 700 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