{"id":51064,"date":"2024-12-03T11:17:41","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51064\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T11:17:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:17:41","slug":"linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%9a%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96web%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e7%9a%84%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e3%80%82-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51064\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u4f18\u5316Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u4f18\u5316Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/h1>\n<\/p>\n

Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u4f18\u5316Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u90fd\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5728\u7ebf\u5316\uff0cWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u9488\u5bf9Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216\u8005firewalld\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5bf9Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

    # \u6e05\u7a7a\u73b0\u6709\u89c4\u5219\niptables -F\n\n# \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\niptables -P INPUT DROP\niptables -P FORWARD DROP\niptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT\n\n# \u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3\niptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\niptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5f00\u653e22\u7aef\u53e3\uff08SSH\uff09\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5f00\u653e80\u7aef\u53e3\uff08HTTP\uff09\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5f00\u653e443\u7aef\u53e3\uff08HTTPS\uff09\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219...\n\n# \u5141\u8bb8ping\u8bf7\u6c42\niptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u4e0d\u660e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5f03\niptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP\n\n# \u52a0\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62Ping\u653b\u51fb\niptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m limit --limit 1\/s --limit-burst 4 -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219...\n\n# \u6700\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u9ed8\u8ba4DROP\u89c4\u5219\niptables -A INPUT -j DROP<\/pre>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6e05\u7a7a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u4e3aDROP\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u672a\u660e\u786e\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u653eSSH\uff0822\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\uff0cHTTP\uff0880\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u548cHTTPS\uff08443\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9650\u5236\u7279\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. HTTPS\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u6765\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8eApache\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mod_ssl\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      # \u5b89\u88c5mod_ssl\nsudo yum install mod_ssl\n\n# \u8bbe\u7f6eSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\nsudo mkdir \/etc\/httpd\/ssl\nsudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout \/etc\/httpd\/ssl\/server.key -out \/etc\/httpd\/ssl\/server.crt\n\n# \u7f16\u8f91Apache\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\nsudo vi \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf\n\n# \u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\n<VirtualHost *:443>\n    ServerName example.com\n    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/html\n    \n    SSLEngine on\n    SSLCertificateFile \/etc\/httpd\/ssl\/server.crt\n    SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/httpd\/ssl\/server.key\n<\/VirtualHost>\n\n# \u91cd\u542fApache\nsudo systemctl restart httpd<\/pre>\n
      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86mod_ssl\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u914d\u7f6e\u5230Apache\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u9664\u4e86\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548cHTTPS\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4Web\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\uff08ACL\uff09\u6765\u9650\u5236Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aACL\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
        # \u7f16\u8f91Apache\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\nsudo vi \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf\n\n# \u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\n<Location \/>\n    Order deny,allow\n    Deny from all\n    Allow from 192.168.1.0\/24\n    Allow from 10.0.0.0\/8\n<\/Location>\n\n# \u91cd\u542fApache\nsudo systemctl restart httpd<\/pre>\n
        \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Order\u3001Deny\u548cAllow\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6765\u9650\u5236Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6765\u81ea192.168.1.0\/24\u548c10.0.0.0\/8\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4f18\u5316Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        • Linux\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1ahttps:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/7\/html\/security_guide\/sec-configuring_packet_filtering<\/li>\n
        • Apache HTTPS\u914d\u7f6e\uff1ahttps:\/\/httpd.apache.org\/docs\/2.4\/ssl\/ssl_howto.html<\/li>\n
        • Apache\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\uff08ACL\uff09\uff1ahttps:\/\/httpd.apache.org\/docs\/2.4\/mod\/mod_access_compat.html<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b~<\/p>\n
          \n
          <\/dt>\n
          \n   \u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7PHP\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b80\u5355\u5de5\u5382\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\n <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u4f18\u5316Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002 Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u4f18\u5316Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b56\u7565 \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u90fd\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5728\u7ebf\u5316\uff0cWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u9488\u5bf9Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216\u8005firewalld\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5bf9Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a # \u6e05\u7a7a\u73b0\u6709\u89c4\u5219 iptables -F # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565 iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # \u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3 iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # \u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fde\u63a5 iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack –ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # \u5f00\u653e22\u7aef\u53e3\uff08SSH\uff09 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT # […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51064"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51064\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}