{"id":51130,"date":"2024-12-03T10:50:22","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T02:50:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51130\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T10:50:22","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T02:50:22","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%bc%ba%e5%a4%a7%e7%9a%84web%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e9%98%b2%e5%be%a1%ef%bc%9f-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51130\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f<\/h1>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7262\u56fa\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6765\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5feb\u70b9\u6536\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u653b\u51fb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528Web\u9632\u706b\u5899
    Web\u5e94\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08WAF\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u5404\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\u653b\u51fb\uff08XSS\uff09\u548c\u8de8\u7ad9\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020\uff08CSRF\uff09\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684Web\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u62ecModSecurity\u3001NAXSI\u548cDjango Defend\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528ModSecurity\u8fdb\u884cWeb\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n

    # \u5b89\u88c5ModSecurity\u6a21\u5757\nsudo apt-get install libapache2-modsecurity\n\n# \u542f\u7528ModSecurity\u6a21\u5757\nsudo a2enmod mod_security\n\n# \u914d\u7f6eModSecurity\u89c4\u5219\nsudo nano \/etc\/modsecurity\/modsecurity.conf\n\n# \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\nSecRuleEngine On\nSecAuditLog \/var\/log\/apache2\/modsec_audit.log\nSecAuditEngine On\n\n# \u91cd\u542fApache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\nsudo service apache2 restart<\/pre>\n
      \n
    1. \u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\uff08ACL\uff09
      ACL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u901a\u8fc7ACL\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bbf\u95ee\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62eciptables\u548cNginx\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
      # \u6dfb\u52a0\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95eeWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.1\/32 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\n\n# \u5c4f\u853d\u6765\u81ea\u6307\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.2\/32 -j DROP\n\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684iptables\u89c4\u5219\nsudo iptables -L<\/pre>\n
        \n
      1. \u4fdd\u62a4\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93
        \u5728Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002HTTPS\uff08\u5b89\u5168HTTP\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7SSL \/ TLS\u534f\u8bae\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u6765\u542f\u7528HTTPS\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecOpenSSL\u548cApache\u7684mod_ssl\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528OpenSSL\u751f\u6210\u81ea\u7b7e\u540dSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
        # \u5b89\u88c5OpenSSL\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\nsudo apt-get install openssl\n\n# \u751f\u6210\u79c1\u94a5\nsudo openssl genrsa -out private.key 2048\n\n# \u751f\u6210\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08CSR\uff09\nsudo openssl req -new -key private.key -out csr.csr\n\n# \u751f\u6210\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\nsudo openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in csr.csr -signkey private.key -out certificate.crt\n\n# \u914d\u7f6eApache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\nsudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/default-ssl.conf\n\n# \u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\nSSLEngine on\nSSLCertificateFile \/path\/to\/certificate.crt\nSSLCertificateKeyFile \/path\/to\/private.key\n\n# \u542f\u7528SSL\u6a21\u5757\nsudo a2enmod ssl\n\n# \u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\nsudo service apache2 restart<\/pre>\n
        \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Web\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u8bf7\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u8c28\u614e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u5907\u4efd\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u7406\u8bba\u8981\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u5b9e\u64cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u843d\uff01\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f\u300b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n
        \n
        <\/dt>\n
        \n   PHP\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9ad8\u85aa\u56de\u62a5\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u4f1a\n <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        \u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7262\u56fa\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6765\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5feb\u70b9\u6536\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff01 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\uff1f \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u653b\u51fb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u9632\u5fa1\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528Web\u9632\u706b\u5899Web\u5e94\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08WAF\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u5404\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\u653b\u51fb\uff08XSS\uff09\u548c\u8de8\u7ad9\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020\uff08CSRF\uff09\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684Web\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u62ecModSecurity\u3001NAXSI\u548cDjango Defend\u7b49\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528ModSecurity\u8fdb\u884cWeb\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a # \u5b89\u88c5ModSecurity\u6a21\u5757 sudo apt-get install libapache2-modsecurity # \u542f\u7528ModSecurity\u6a21\u5757 sudo a2enmod mod_security # \u914d\u7f6eModSecurity\u89c4\u5219 sudo nano \/etc\/modsecurity\/modsecurity.conf # \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219 SecRuleEngine On SecAuditLog \/var\/log\/apache2\/modsec_audit.log SecAuditEngine On # \u91cd\u542fApache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548 sudo service apache2 restart \u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\uff08ACL\uff09ACL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u901a\u8fc7ACL\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bbf\u95ee\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62eciptables\u548cNginx\u7b49\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a # \u6dfb\u52a0\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95eeWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684IP\u5730\u5740 sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.1\/32 -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT # \u5c4f\u853d\u6765\u81ea\u6307\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51130"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51130\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}