{"id":51149,"date":"2024-12-03T14:30:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T06:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51149\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T14:30:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T06:30:44","slug":"%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%bf%85%e5%a4%87%e7%9a%84%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e5%92%8c%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51149\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd<\/h1>\n<p>\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u6587\u300a\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u4f60\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u591a\u591a\u5206\u4eab\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u5907\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u8f6f\u4ef6<br \/>\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5165\u4fb5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u5728CentOS\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>sudo yum update<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728Ubuntu\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt-get update<\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<br \/>\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528root\u8d26\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u518d\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u8d26\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash newuser  # \u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\nsudo passwd newuser  # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\nsudo usermod -aG sudo newuser  # \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650<\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<br \/>\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216\u8005firewalld\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u521b\u5efa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8SSH\u8fde\u63a5\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT  # \u5141\u8bb8HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP  # \u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u91cf\u5168\u90e8\u62d2\u7edd<\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55<br \/>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u91c7\u7528\u516c\u94a5-\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u79c1\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u53ca\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u96be\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u622a\u53d6\u548c\u7834\u89e3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u751f\u6210\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096<\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u590d\u5236\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>cat ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@server 'cat &gt;&gt; ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys'<\/pre>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>ssh -i ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa user@server<\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\/var\/log\/auth.log\uff08\u8bb0\u5f55\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3001\/var\/log\/syslog\uff08\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3001\/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log\uff08\u8bb0\u5f55Apache\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>tail -f \/var\/log\/auth.log  # \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\ngrep \"Failed password\" \/var\/log\/auth.log  # \u67e5\u627e\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55<\/pre>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3<br \/>\u4fdd\u62a4Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u5907\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u65b0\u7ef4\u62a4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c31\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e0b\u591a\u591a\u56de\u590d\u4ea4\u6d41\uff1b\u6587\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u590d\u7559\u8a00\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\uff01<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt><\/dt>\n<dd>\n   \u8be6\u89e3Css Flex \u5f39\u6027\u5e03\u5c40\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u95f4\u8ddd\u4e0e\u8fb9\u6846\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\n <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd \u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u6587\u300a\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u4f60\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u591a\u591a\u5206\u4eab\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01 \u4e86\u89e3Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u5907\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u3002 \u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5165\u4fb5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u5728CentOS\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a sudo yum update \u5728Ubuntu\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a sudo apt-get update \u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528root\u8d26\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u518d\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u8d26\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\uff1a sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash newuser # \u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237 sudo passwd newuser # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801 sudo usermod -aG sudo newuser # \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650 \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216\u8005firewalld\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u521b\u5efa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp &#8211;dport 22 -j ACCEPT # \u5141\u8bb8SSH\u8fde\u63a5 sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp &#8211;dport 80 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51149"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51149\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}