{"id":51168,"date":"2024-12-03T14:18:42","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T06:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51168\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T14:18:42","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T06:18:42","slug":"%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%9a%84linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%ef%bc%9a%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e4%b8%8e%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51168\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>\u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4<\/h1>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u300b\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b8c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6(B \u6570)\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f25\u8865\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4<\/p>\n<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a<br \/>Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6db5\u76d6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5f3a\u5316SSH\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>SSH\u662f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.1 \u7981\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06PermitRootLogin\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3ano\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/pre>\n<p>\u627e\u5230PermitRootLogin\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fee\u6539\u4e3ano\u3002\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u91cd\u542fSSH\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>sudo service ssh restart<\/pre>\n<p>1.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u94a5\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f7f\u7528ssh-keygen\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u516c\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>ssh-keygen\nssh-copy-id user@server_ip<\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2.1 \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216firewalld\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP   # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5\nsudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\nsudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # \u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5\n\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # \u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT      # \u5141\u8bb8ping\u8bf7\u6c42\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT        # \u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3<\/pre>\n<p>2.2 \u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u4e5f\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2.2.1 \u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7systemctl\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo systemctl disable service_name<\/pre>\n<p>2.2.2 \u542f\u7528SYN Cookie\u9632\u8303SYN\u6d2a\u6c34\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<p>SYN Cookie\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u8303SYN\u6d2a\u6c34\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528SYN Cookie\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1<\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u76d1\u63a7<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>3.1 \u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n<p>\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade<\/pre>\n<p>3.2 \u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n<p>\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5e94\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982fail2ban\u6216logwatch\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt install fail2ban\nsudo apt install logwatch<\/pre>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884cLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f3a\u5316SSH\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8bfb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u9ad8Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c,\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e,linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u53d7\u76ca\u532a\u6d45\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u52a8\u52a8\u9f20\u6807\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7bc7\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u5427\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt><\/dt>\n<dd>\n   PHP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u9ad8\u85aa\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e4b\u9053\n <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4 \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u300b\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b8c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6(B \u6570)\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f25\u8865\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u3002 \u5b89\u5168\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4 \u6458\u8981\uff1aLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6db5\u76d6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u5f3a\u5316SSH\u8bbf\u95ee SSH\u662f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a 1.1 \u7981\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55 \u5728\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06PermitRootLogin\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3ano\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u627e\u5230PermitRootLogin\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fee\u6539\u4e3ano\u3002\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u91cd\u542fSSH\u670d\u52a1\u3002 sudo service ssh restart 1.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1 \u516c\u94a5\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f7f\u7528ssh-keygen\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u516c\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a ssh-keygen ssh-copy-id user@server_ip \u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168 2.1 \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899 \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u6216firewalld\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5 sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5 sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # \u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5 sudo iptables -A 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