{"id":51476,"date":"2024-12-03T12:03:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T04:03:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51476\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T12:03:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T04:03:39","slug":"%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90linux%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%ad%e4%b8%8d%e5%90%8c%e5%88%97%e7%9a%84%e5%90%ab%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51476\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u6790Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>\u5206\u6790Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/h1>\n<p>\u54c8\u55bd\uff01\u4eca\u5929\u5fc3\u8840\u6765\u6f6e\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\u90fd\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u5427\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\"><\/span>\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u9519\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0~\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5230\u4f60\uff01<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5404\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. syslog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>syslog\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002syslog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662fsyslog\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2asyslog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>Mar 10 08:30:45 localhost cron[1234]: (root) CMD (run-parts \/etc\/cron.daily)\nMar 10 10:15:20 localhost sshd[5678]: Failed password for user1 from 192.168.1.100 port 22\nMar 11 14:55:30 localhost kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 4321 (apache2) score 500 or sacrifice child<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6708\u65e5 \u65f6:\u5206:\u79d2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3alocalhost\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\uff1a\u6307\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982cron\u3001sshd\u3001kernel\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0bID\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u5931\u8d25\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. auth.log\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>auth.log\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u6743\u9650\u66f4\u6539\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aauth.log\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>Mar 10 08:30:45 localhost sshd[1234]: Accepted publickey for user2 from 192.168.1.101 port 22\nMar 10 10:15:20 localhost sudo: user1 : TTY=pts\/0 ; PWD=\/home\/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=\/bin\/bash\nMar 11 14:55:30 localhost su: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user2 by user1(uid=0)<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728auth.log\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\uff1a\u6307\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982sshd\u3001sudo\u3001su\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0bID\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u516c\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Kernel\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>Kernel\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8bca\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cKernel\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\/var\/log\/kern.log\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aKernel\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>Mar 10 08:30:45 localhost kernel: [ 123.456789] eth0: link up (1000Mbps\/Full duplex)\nMar 10 10:15:20 localhost kernel: [ 234.567890] CPU0: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)\nMar 11 14:55:30 localhost kernel: [ 345.678901] Out of memory: Kill process 4321 (apache2) score 500 or sacrifice child<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728Kernel\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u6d88\u606f\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u5361\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u544a\u8b66\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. \u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7grep\u547d\u4ee4\u7b5b\u9009auth.log\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>grep \"Accepted publickey\" \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c06\u8f93\u51faauth.log\u4e2d\u5305\u542b&#8221;Accepted publickey&#8221;\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5404\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b~<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt><\/dt>\n<dd>\n   \u5982\u4f55\u5728HBuilderX\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528jQuery\uff1f\n <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5206\u6790Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49 \u54c8\u55bd\uff01\u4eca\u5929\u5fc3\u8840\u6765\u6f6e\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u5427\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u9519\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0~\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5230\u4f60\uff01 Linux\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5404\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002 1. syslog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6 syslog\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002syslog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662fsyslog\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2asyslog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a Mar 10 08:30:45 localhost cron[1234]: (root) CMD (run-parts \/etc\/cron.daily) Mar 10 10:15:20 localhost sshd[5678]: Failed password for user1 from 192.168.1.100 port 22 Mar 11 14:55:30 localhost kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 4321 (apache2) score 500 or sacrifice child \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u5217\uff1a \u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6708\u65e5 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