{"id":51748,"date":"2024-12-03T17:06:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T09:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51748\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T17:06:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T09:06:39","slug":"%e5%9c%a8linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/51748\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/h1>\n

Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6307\u5bfc\u60a8\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7528\u6237\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • useradd<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n
    • passwd<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n
    • groupadd<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n
    • usermod<\/code>\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n
    • userdel<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n
    • groupmod<\/code>\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n
    • groupdel<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n
    • useradd -G groupname username<\/code>\uff1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237john<\/code>\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n

      $ sudo useradd john\n$ sudo passwd john<\/pre>\n
        \n
      1. \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u548c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        • r<\/code>\uff1a\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n
        • w<\/code>\uff1a\u53ef\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n
        • x<\/code>\uff1a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ls -l<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $ ls -l\n\n-rw-rw-r-- 1 john john 0 Aug 1 15:30 myfile.txt\ndrwxrwxr-x 2 john john 4096 Aug 1 15:30 mydir<\/pre>\n
          \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cmyfile.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u662f-rw-rw-r--<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002mydir<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u662fdrwxrwxr-x<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6709\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n
            \n
          • chmod<\/code>\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n
          • chown<\/code>\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/li>\n
          • chgrp<\/code>\uff1a\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06myfile.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n
            $ chmod 600 myfile.txt<\/pre>\n
              \n
            1. SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u5916\uff0cLinux\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u3002<\/p>\n
                \n
              • SUID\uff08Set User ID\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728passwd<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6eSUID\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
              • SGID\uff08Set Group ID\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\/usr\/bin\/mail<\/code>\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6eSGID\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
              • Sticky Bit\uff1a\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5220\u9664\u4ed6\u4eba\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6eSUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • chmod u+s<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eSUID\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n
                • chmod g+s<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eSGID\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n
                • chmod +t<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eSticky Bit\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\/usr\/bin\/mail<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5177\u6709SGID\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  $ sudo chmod g+s \/usr\/bin\/mail<\/pre>\n
                  \u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n
                  \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caSUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u60a8\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b~<\/p>\n
                  \n
                  <\/dt>\n
                  \n   \u6307\u5bfc\u60a8\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ThinkPHP\u6846\u67b6\u7684PHP\u6559\u7a0b\n <\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                  \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236 Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6307\u5bfc\u60a8\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001SUID\u3001SGID\u548cSticky Bit\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406 \u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406 \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7528\u6237\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a useradd\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 passwd\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801 groupadd\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 usermod\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 userdel\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 groupmod\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 groupdel\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 useradd -G groupname username\uff1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237john\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a $ sudo useradd john $ sudo passwd john \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650 \u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u548c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff1a r\uff1a\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6743\u9650 w\uff1a\u53ef\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650 x\uff1a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a $ ls -l -rw-rw-r– 1 john john 0 Aug 1 15:30 myfile.txt drwxrwxr-x 2 john john 4096 Aug 1 15:30 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