{"id":52071,"date":"2024-12-03T08:10:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T00:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52071\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T08:10:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T00:10:39","slug":"%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8tar%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%a4%87%e4%bb%bdlinux%e4%ba%91%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52071\/","title":{"rendered":"\u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528tar\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efdLinux\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528tar\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efdLinux\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h1>\n

\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u5b9e\u6218\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6574\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u300a\u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528tar\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efdLinux\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u300b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5b66\u4e60~<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/p>\n

sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar -czpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup.tar.gz \/<\/pre>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    -c\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5f52\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    -z\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528gzip\u683c\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u3002gzip\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    -p\uff1a\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    -v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5907\u4efd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    -f\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u589e\u5f3a\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n
    1\u3001\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5907\u4efd\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u4f18\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6392\u9664\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n
    sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar --exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -czpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup.tar.gz \/<\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86–exclude-from\u6307\u4ee4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6392\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6392\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/*\n\/tmp\/*\n\/proc\/*\n\/dev\/*\n\/sys\/*\n\/run\/*\n\/var\/tmp\/*\n\/var\/run\/*\n\/var\/lock\/*<\/pre>\n
    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\/home\/zhaomu\/backup\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e4b\u524d\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0ctmp\u3001proc\u3001dev\u3001sys\u3001run\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6392\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
    2\u3001\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e5\u671f<\/p>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u5907\u4efd\u94fe\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
    sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar --exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -czpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup-$(date +%F-%H-%M).tar.gz \/<\/pre>\n
    \u5176\u4e2d$(date +%F-%H-%M)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1alinux_backup-2020-03-02-15-22.tar.gz<\/p>\n
    3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528xz\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u628a-z\u6307\u4ee4\u6362\u6210-J\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e5f\u4ecetar.gz\u6362\u6210tar.xz\u3002xz\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5\u6bd4gzip\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5\u8981\u6162\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5c0f\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
    sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar --exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -cJpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup-$(date +%F-%H-%M).tar.xz \/<\/pre>\n
    \u811a\u672c\u6574\u5408<\/h4>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
    vi \/home\/zhaomu\/bin\/linux_backup.sh<\/pre>\n
    \u811a\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    #!bin\/sh\n_tarfile=\/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup-$(date +%F-%H-%M).tar.xz\nsudo \/usr\/bin\/tar --exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -cJpvf $ \/<\/pre>\n
    \u8d4b\u4e88\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n
    sudo chmod +x  \/home\/zhaomu\/bin\/linux_backup.sh<\/pre>\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5907\u4efd\uff1a<\/p>\n
    sh \/home\/zhaomu\/bin\/linux_backup.sh<\/pre>\n
    \u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u5566\uff01\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528tar\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efdLinux\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u4f60\u6536\u83b7\u591a\u591a\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u6536\u85cf\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5427~\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5feb\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528tar\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efdLinux\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u5b9e\u6218\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6574\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u300a\u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528tar\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efdLinux\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u300b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5b66\u4e60~ \u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4 \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar -czpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup.tar.gz \/ \u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a -c\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5f52\u6863\u3002 -z\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528gzip\u683c\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u3002gzip\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8f83\u5927\u3002 -p\uff1a\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u3002 -v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5907\u4efd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 -f\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002 \/\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u589e\u5f3a\u547d\u4ee4 1\u3001\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5907\u4efd\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u4f18\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6392\u9664\u6389\u3002 sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar –exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -czpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup.tar.gz \/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86–exclude-from\u6307\u4ee4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6392\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6392\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/* \/tmp\/* \/proc\/* \/dev\/* \/sys\/* \/run\/* \/var\/tmp\/* \/var\/run\/* \/var\/lock\/* \u9996\u5148\uff0c\/home\/zhaomu\/backup\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e4b\u524d\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0ctmp\u3001proc\u3001dev\u3001sys\u3001run\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6392\u9664\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 2\u3001\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e5\u671f \u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u5907\u4efd\u94fe\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002 sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar –exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -czpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup-$(date +%F-%H-%M).tar.gz \/ \u5176\u4e2d$(date +%F-%H-%M)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1alinux_backup-2020-03-02-15-22.tar.gz 3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528xz\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5 \u6211\u4eec\u628a-z\u6307\u4ee4\u6362\u6210-J\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e5f\u4ecetar.gz\u6362\u6210tar.xz\u3002xz\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5\u6bd4gzip\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5\u8981\u6162\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5c0f\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002 sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar –exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -cJpvf \/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup-$(date +%F-%H-%M).tar.xz \/ \u811a\u672c\u6574\u5408 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff1a vi \/home\/zhaomu\/bin\/linux_backup.sh \u811a\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a #!bin\/sh _tarfile=\/home\/zhaomu\/backup\/linux_backup-$(date +%F-%H-%M).tar.xz sudo \/usr\/bin\/tar –exclude-from=\/home\/zhaomu\/exclude.txt -cJpvf $ \/ \u8d4b\u4e88\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff1a sudo chmod +x  \/home\/zhaomu\/bin\/linux_backup.sh \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5907\u4efd\uff1a sh \/home\/zhaomu\/bin\/linux_backup.sh 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