{"id":52121,"date":"2024-12-03T11:44:43","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52121\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T11:44:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:44:43","slug":"linux%e6%a1%a3%e6%a1%88%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52121\/","title":{"rendered":"linux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

linux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h1>\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u89c1\u9762\u4e86\u554a~\u672c\u6587\u300alinux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b<\/span>\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230<\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5185\u5bb9~<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

linux\u6863\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u201c\/\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548cWindows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6587\u4ef6\u770b\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

linux\u6863\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Linux \u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u548c Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6587\u4ef6\u770b\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728 Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u88ab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201c\/\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 1 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"linux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u63d2\u56fe\"
\u56fe 1 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e Windows \u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u662f\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\/\u201d\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\uff08\u5b50\uff09\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u53cd\u590d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6811\u72b6\u3001\u5177\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u65b9\u4fbf\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5c06\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u573a\u5669\u68a6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\uff0c\u6751\u5e84\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6751\u53c8\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4e2a\u4e61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e61\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6751\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c31\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u884c\u653f\u533a\u57df\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90fd\u662f\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5982 dog\u3001DOG \u548c Dog \u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u201c\/\u201d\u6765\u5206\u9694\u3002\u5982 cat \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u662f \/home\/cat\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u201c.\u201d\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u201c..\u201d\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5373\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b9\u5f0f\u67fb\u627e\uff08\u540e\u7eed\u4f1a\u8bb2\u67e5\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a FHS \u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5404\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5e94\u8be5\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728 \/bin \u548c \/sbin \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

linux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08filesystem\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ec4\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u7b80\u5355\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e0b\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\uff1a \u76d8\u7247\u3001\u78c1\u5934\u3001\u76d8\u7247\u4e3b\u8f74\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u3001\u78c1\u5934\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u4efd\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u7684\u76d8\u7247(\u4e00\u822c\u786c\u76d8\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u76d8\u7247\uff0c\u76d8\u7247\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e73\u884c)\u90fd\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8f74\u4e0a\u3002 \u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76d8\u7247\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u9762\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u5934\uff0c\u78c1\u5934\u4e0e\u76d8\u7247\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f88\u5c0f(\u6240\u4ee5\u5267\u70c8\u9707\u52a8\u5bb9\u6613\u635f\u574f)\uff0c\u78c1\u5934\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u5934\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u4e2a\u78c1\u5934\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002 \u78c1\u5934\u6cbf\u76d8\u7247\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u65b9\u5411\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u76d8\u7247\u5219\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u9ad8\u901f\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u78c1\u5934\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u76d8\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5706\u73af\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5706\u73af\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u78c1\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u9053\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\uff08sector\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\u662f512Byte\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u6240\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u76f8\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5706\u73af\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u67f1\uff08Cylinder\uff09\u3002\u786c\u76d8\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a512Byte * \u6247\u533a\u6570 * \u78c1\u67f1\u6570*\u78c1\u5934\u6570<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u90fd\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u4e58\u4ee5\u78c1\u5934\u6570\u662f\u5e72\u561b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u5934\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e58\u4ee5\u78c1\u5934\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5706\u9762\u79ef\u4e58\u4ee5\u5706\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5206\u5272<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u78c1\u67f1(Cylinder)<\/p>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u5206\u5272\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5272\u533a\uff08partition\uff09\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u78c1\u67f1\u4e0e\u7ed3\u675f\u78c1\u67f1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u5f00\u673a\u6247\u533a( Master Boot Recorder, MBR )\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c MBR \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u7b2c\u96f6\u8f68\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f00\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\u8981\u53bb\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u786c\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1aMBR\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u60f3\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a \uff1a MBR + \u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e \u3002\u5982\u679cMBR\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u539f\u6765MBR\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u4e863\u4e2apartition\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2apartition\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c\uff1f\u540e\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u201d\u90fd\u8981\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2apartition\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u589e\u5220\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06MBR\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64MBR\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u653e4\u4e2apartition\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f3c\u4e4e\u597d\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u4e2apartition\uff0c\u591f\u7528\u5417\uff1f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06partition\u5206\u4e3aPrimary\u548cExtended\u4e24\u7c7b(E\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a)\u3002\u5176\u4e2dP\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u800cE\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cE\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6269\u5c55\u7684partition\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

filesystem<\/strong><\/p>\n

filesystem\u4e5f\u5373\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aoartition\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u7684filesystem\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982fat32\uff0cntfs\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u7684partuition\u867d\u7136filesystem\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e3asector\uff08\u6247\u533a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a512Byte\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662ffilesystem\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u5374\u4e0d\u662fsector\u800c\u662fblock\u3002block\u662fsector\u76842\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u78c1\u5934\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2ablock\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679cblock\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u78c1\u5934\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f83\u591a\u6570\u91cf\u7684block\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662fblock\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2ablock\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982block\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a100M\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a100.1M\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u4e24\u4e2ablock\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

superblock<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2afilesystem\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2ablock\u79f0\u4e3asuperblock\u3002superblock\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5b58\u50a8filesystem\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7a7a\u7684\u548c\u586b\u6ee1\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u548c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2afilesystem\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u5c31\u662fsuperblock\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679csuperblock\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2apartition\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u56de\u5929\u4e4f\u672f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

linux\u7684EXT2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5b66\u4e60linux\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u5b66\u4e60linux\u7684filessystem\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5linux\u6700\u6807\u51c6\u7684EXT2\u505a\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

EXT2\u4e2d\u7684filesystem\u5206\u4e3ainode\u533a\u548cblock\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d inode\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800cblock\u533a\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2ainode\u90fd\u5145\u5f53\u6307\u9488pointer\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728block\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002blocks\u4e0einodes\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6574\u4e2afilesystem\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"linux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u63d2\u56fe1\"<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    SuperBlock\uff1a\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c Superblock \u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u6574\u4e2a filesystem \u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c \u6ca1\u6709 Superblock \uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a filesystem \u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      \n
    • \n

      block \u4e0e inode \u7684\u603b\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 inode \/ block \u6570\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4e00\u4e2a block \u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a inode \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      filesystem \u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u68c0\u9a8c\u78c1\u76d8 (fsck) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4e00\u4e2a valid bit \u6570\u503c\uff0c\u82e5\u6b64\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5219 valid bit \u4e3a 0 \uff0c\u82e5\u672a\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5219 valid bit \u4e3a 1 \u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    • \n

      Group Description\uff1a\u7eaa\u5f55\u6b64 block \u7531\u7531\u4f55\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Block bitmap\uff1a\u6b64\u5904\u8bb0\u5f55\u90a3\u4e2a block \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Inode bitmap\uff1a\u6b64\u5904\u8bb0\u5f55\u90a3\u4e2a inode \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Inode table\uff1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a inode \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u653e\u533a\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Data Blocks\uff1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a block \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u653e\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      linux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5f88\u6162\u7684\uff0clinux\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u5462\uff1f\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6863\u6848\uff0c \u5219\u8be5\u6863\u6848\u6240\u5728\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u78c1\u76d8\u533a\u5757\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e3b\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u5feb\u53d6\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c \u82e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4ec5\u6709\u4e3b\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c \u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u300e Dirty \u300f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u78c1\u76d8\u5b9e\u4f53\u533a\u5757\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u4fee\u6b63\uff01 \u6240\u4ee5\u4ea6\u5373\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u300e Dirty \u300f\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u9700\u56de\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c \u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u78c1\u76d8\u5b9e\u4f53\u533a\u5757\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      \u6240\u4ee5linux\u7684\u5173\u673a\u771f\u7684\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u635f\u6bc1\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n

      mount point<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u6240\u4ee5linux\u7684\u5173\u673a\u771f\u7684\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u635f\u6bc1\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n

      mount point<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf (filesystem)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Linux \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c \u975e\u5f97\u300e\u6302\u8f7d (mount)\u300f\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u884c\u554a\uff01 \u521a\u521a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0e inode \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c \u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u8ddf filesystem \u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u90a3\u4e2a\u5165\u53e3\u70b9\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u300e \u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 (mount point) \u300f<\/p>\n

      \u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u5566\uff01\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u300alinux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u4f60\u6536\u83b7\u591a\u591a\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u6536\u85cf\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5427~\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5feb\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      linux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48 \u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u89c1\u9762\u4e86\u554a~\u672c\u6587\u300alinux\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65\uff01\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5185\u5bb9~ 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