{"id":52146,"date":"2024-12-03T11:57:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52146\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T11:57:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:57:05","slug":"linux-shell%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52146\/","title":{"rendered":"linux shell\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

linux shell\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b<\/h1>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u7c73\u4e91\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u300alinux shell\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u300b<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u5c0f\u767d\u8fd8\u662f\u8001\u624b\uff0c\u90fd\u9002\u5408\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u54e6~\u6709\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e5f\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u7559\u8a00\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u770b\u5b8c\u6709\u6240\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u591a\u591a\u70b9\u8d5e\u652f\u6301\u5440\uff01\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u6cb9\u5b66\u4e60~<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u5728linux\u4e2d\uff0cshell\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7528\u6237\u5f55\u5165\u7684\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u9988\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002shell\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u9001\u5165\u5185\u6838\u53bb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u5728Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Linux\u4e0b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684shell\u662fBourne Again shell\uff08bash\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

linux shell\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux\u4e2d\u7684shell\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7528\u6237\u5f55\u5165\u7684\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u9988\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/p>\n

Shell\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u9001\u5165\u5185\u6838\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u3002\u662f\u5728Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728Linux\u901a\u5e38\u6307\/bin\/bash\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u5411\u5185\u6838\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u8fbe\u7528\u6237\/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0cshell\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u5916\u58f3\u201d<\/p>\n

Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Shell\u4ee5\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u3002Linux\u4e0b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684shell\u662fBourne Again shell(bash)\u3002<\/p>\n

shell\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8eLinux\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8eWindows\uff0cLinux\u662f\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u754c\u9762\u5206\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8131\u79bb\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u800c\u5355\u72ec\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7684\u684c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cdshell\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u4e0b\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684shell\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3cWindows \u7684MS-DOS\u8fd0\u884c\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e00\u822c\u76f4\u63a5\u79f0\u4e3ashell<\/p>\n

\"linux<\/p>\n

linux\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e09\u79cdshell<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux\u4e2d\u7684shell\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u662fbourne shell(sh)\u3001c shell(csh)\u3001korn shell(ksh)\u3002<\/p>\n

1\u3001Bourne shell<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bourne shell \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

Bourne shell \u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684 UNIX shell\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u7528\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 rc start\u3001stop \u4e0eshutdown \u90fd\u662fBourne shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6863\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08single user mode\uff09\u4e0b\u4ee5 root \u7b7e\u5165\u65f6\u5b83\u5e38\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u3002Bourne shell \u662f\u7531 AT&T \u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u8457\u540d\u3002 Bourne shell \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f $\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001c shell<\/strong><\/p>\n

c shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4 Bourne Shell\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7684\u53d8\u79cd Shell\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7c7bC\u201d\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0ccsh\u662f\u5177\u6709C\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u79cdshell\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u670952\u4e2a\uff0c\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e9e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

C shell \u662f\u67cf\u514b\u83b1\u5927\u5b66\uff08Berkeley\uff09\u6240\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u5386\u7a0b\uff08history\uff09\u3001\u522b\u540d\uff08alias\uff09\u3001\u5185\u5efa\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u6863\u540d\u5b8c\u6210\uff08filename completion\uff09\u3001\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a7\u5236\uff08job control\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u5728\u4ea4\u8c08\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c shell \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f83\u559c\u7231\u4f7f\u7528 C shell\uff1b\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5219\u8f83\u504f\u597d\u4ee5 Bourne shell \u6765\u505a\u547d\u4ee4\u6863\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Bourne shell \u547d\u4ee4\u6863\u6bd4 C shell \u547d\u4ee4\u6863\u6765\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u53ca\u5feb\u901f\u3002C shell \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f %\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001korn shell<\/strong><\/p>\n

korn shell\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a Unix shell \u3002\u5b83\u7531\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684David Korn\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7f16\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u5411\u4e0a\u517c\u5bb9 Bourne shell \u5e76\u5305\u542b\u4e86 C shell \u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

Korn shell \u662fBourne shell \u7684\u8d85\u96c6\uff08superset\uff09\uff0c\u7531 AT&T \u7684 David Korn \u6240\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5b83\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u6bd4 C shell \u66f4\u4e3a\u5148\u8fdb\u3002Korn shell \u7684\u7279\u8272\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u53ef\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u3001\u522b\u540d\u3001\u51fd\u5f0f\u3001\u6b63\u89c4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e07\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\uff08regular expression wildcard\uff09\u3001\u5185\u5efa\u7b97\u672f\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a7\u5236\uff08job control\uff09\u3001\u5171\u4f5c\u5904\u7406\uff08coprocessing\uff09\u3001\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9664\u9519\u529f\u80fd\u3002Bourne shell \u51e0\u4e4e\u548c Korn shell \u5b8c\u5168\u5411\u4e0a\u517c\u5bb9\uff08upward compatible\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 Bourne shell \u4e0b\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ecd\u80fd\u5728 Korn shell \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u3002Korn shell \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e5f\u662f $\u3002\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Korn shell \u53eb\u505a pdksh\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307 Public Domain Korn Shell\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u79cdshell\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52a3\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

sh\u662fUnix\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6bcf\u79cdUnix\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002sh\u5728shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u5f53\u4f18\u79c0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5982csh\u548cksh\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684shell\u662fbourne again shell(bash)\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0esh\u5b8c\u5168\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002bash\u653e\u5728bin\/bash\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u5b83\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f88\u591acsh\u548cksh\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u6709\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u5f97\u77e5\u9053sh\u548cbash\u90fd\u662fLinux\u4e0a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\uff0c\u800cbash\u662fsh\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

shell\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n

shell\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e8b\u5148\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2ash\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u542bshell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4f7f\u7528shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u79f0\u4e3ashell\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u5728shell\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u6267\u884cshell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eshell\u754c\u9762\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e60\u60ef\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u7684\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u5199\u51fa\u6210\u5957\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u4e00\u8d77\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u79f0\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\uff1ashell\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u642d\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7shell\u6765\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u8981\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u5b9e\u64cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u843d\uff01\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u300alinux shell\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u300b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

linux shell\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b \u4eca\u5929\u7c73\u4e91\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u300alinux shell\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u5c0f\u767d\u8fd8\u662f\u8001\u624b\uff0c\u90fd\u9002\u5408\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u54e6~\u6709\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e5f\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u7559\u8a00\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u770b\u5b8c\u6709\u6240\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u591a\u591a\u70b9\u8d5e\u652f\u6301\u5440\uff01\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u6cb9\u5b66\u4e60~ 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