{"id":52180,"date":"2024-12-03T12:59:12","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T04:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52180\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T12:59:12","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T04:59:12","slug":"linux%e8%a7%84%e5%ae%9a%e7%9a%84%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e5%87%a0%e7%a7%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52180\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

Linux\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd<\/h1>\n

\u7f16\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6709\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5219\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6574\u7406\u5206\u4eab\u300aLinux\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd\u300b\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u9519\u8fc7\u7c73\u4e91\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u52a9\u529b\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

Linux\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e863\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a1\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3aroot\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u529b\uff1b2\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u7528\uff1b3\u3001\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u901a\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Linux\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u7b80\u8ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237ID\uff08UID\uff09\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7528\u6237ID\u2014UID\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux\u4e0b\u7528\u6237\u5206\u4e3a3\u7c7b\uff1a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff08root\uff09\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u3001\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3aroot\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u7684\u5728root\u8d26\u6237\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u754c\u9762\uff0croot\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e3a#\uff0c\u4e14\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0croot\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u7528\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u5982bin\u3001daemon\u3001lp\u7b49\u7528\u6237\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a1~499\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684shell\u4e3a\/sbin\/nologin\u3002<\/p>\n

\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u901a\u8d26\u53f7\u3002\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e3a$\uff0c\u4e14\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1000~60000\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\/etc\/passwd<\/strong>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8d26\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u603b\u8ba17\u6bb5\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\uff1aUID\uff1aGID\uff1a\u8d26\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8d26\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\uff1aShell\u7248\u672c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\/etc\/shadow<\/strong>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff0croot\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u8ba19\u6bb5\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1a\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u95f4\u9694\u5929\u6570\uff1a\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u540e\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u5230\u5bc6\u7801\u6b63\u5f0f\u5931\u6548\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u9646\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fd8\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u9646\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u6807\u5fd7\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e0\u610f<\/strong>\u4e49<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1ashadow\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a*\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u4e3a”!!”\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4e3a”!”\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

         passwd\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a\u5f71\u5b50\u5bc6\u7801\u7528X\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u800cshadow\u4e2d\u4e3a\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\/etc\/group<\/strong>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8d26\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u8ba14\u6bb5\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\uff1aGID\uff1a\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/strong><\/p>\n

\/etc\/gshadow<\/strong>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff0croot\u6743\u9650\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u603b\u8ba14\u6bb5\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff1a\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u5173\u4e8e\u300aLinux\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e86\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b66\u8d77\u6765\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\uff01\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8eLinux\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Linux\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd \u7f16\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6709\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6709\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5219\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6574\u7406\u5206\u4eab\u300aLinux\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd\u300b\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u9519\u8fc7\u7c73\u4e91\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u52a9\u529b\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002 Linux\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e863\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a1\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3aroot\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u529b\uff1b2\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u7528\uff1b3\u3001\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u901a\u8d26\u53f7\u3002 Linux\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\u7b80\u8ff0 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