{"id":52306,"date":"2024-12-03T15:16:53","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T07:16:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52306\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T15:16:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T07:16:53","slug":"linux-pam%e6%8c%87%e7%9a%84%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52306\/","title":{"rendered":"linux pam\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

linux pam\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h1>\n

\u600e\u4e48\u5165\u95e8\u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1f\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u54ea\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u4eec\u521a\u63a5\u89e6\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6765\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u6574\u7406\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u300alinux pam\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u85cf\u4e00\u4e0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u5728linux\u4e2d\uff0cPAM\u662f\u6307\u53ef\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002PAM\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u201c\/etc\/pam.d\/\u201d\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f \u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6709\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5bf9\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982login, su\u7b49\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u7531PAM\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0cPAM\uff08Pluggable Authentication Modules\uff09\u53ef\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001PAM\u6a21\u5757\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux-PAM\uff08\u5373linux\u53ef\u63d2\u5165\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528(\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u5199)\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bPAM\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5347\u7ea7\u672c\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

PAM\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\/etc\/pam.d\/\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f \u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\/lib\/security\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7d\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\uff0c\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u8f93\u5165root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fsu\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528PAM\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

PAM\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux-PAM\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b,\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u8ba4\u8bc1\u7ba1\u7406(auth)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406(account)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406(session)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5bc6\u7801(password)\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u7531PAM\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

    vi \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth<\/pre>\n
    \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u914d\u7f6e\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5217\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
    \"linux<\/p>\n
    \u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u5757\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u56db\u79cd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \n
      auth\u6a21\u5757: \u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5982:\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u4e3aroot\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      auth\u6a21\u5757: \u5bf9\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5982:\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7528\u6237\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u662froot\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u767b\u5f55\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      session\u6a21\u5757: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u524d\u7684\uff0c\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u6240\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982:\u767b\u5f55\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      password\u6a21\u5757: \u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5982:\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a auth\u3001account\u3001password\u3001session\uff0cauth\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u5e72\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0cauth\u5904\u7406\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\uff0caccount\u3001password\u3001session\u548c\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6ca1\u5565\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982password\u662f\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001PAM\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n
      PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5:
      1\uff09\u5199\u5728\/etc\/pam.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46centos6\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u3002
      2\uff09\u5c06PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5230\/etc\/pam.d\/<\/strong>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b,\u5176\u89c4\u5219\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b service \u90e8\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\/etc\/pam.d \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5982\uff1a vsftpd,login\u7b49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u4e86\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u5217\u3002\u5982\uff1a\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd<\/p>\n
      [root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd \n#%PAM-1.0\nauth\t   required\tpam_sepermit.so\nauth       include      password-auth\naccount    required     pam_nologin.so\naccount    include      password-auth\npassword   include      password-auth\n# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule\nsession    required     pam_selinux.so      close\nsession    required     pam_loginuid.so\n# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context\nsession    required     pam_selinux.so      open env_params\nsession    required     pam_namespace.so\nsession    optional     pam_keyinit.so      force revoke\nsession    include      password-auth<\/pre>\n
      \u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u7684pam\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06pam\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5217<\/strong>\uff0c<\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u4ee3\u8868\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u4ee3\u8868\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u8bb0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u4ee3\u8868\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \u7b2c\u56db\u5217\u4ee3\u8868\u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        1\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff1aPAM\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>
        Linux-PAM\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\uff1a
        \u8ba4\u8bc1\u7ba1\u7406\uff08auth\uff09\uff0c\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\uff08account\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\uff08session\uff09\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff08password\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u7531PAM\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
        \"linux<\/strong><\/p>\n
        \u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u79cd\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a
        auth\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u9274\u522b\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\uff1b<\/strong>
        \u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8ba9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u51ed\u8bc1\u8bb8\u53ef\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
        account\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8d26\u6237\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d26\u6237\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e10\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6743\u9650\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\uff1b<\/strong>
        \u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5757\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\/\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u5c11\u7528\u6237\uff09\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aroot\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u767b\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bauth\u548caccount\u4f1a\u4e00\u8d77\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1alogin\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Login\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4e24\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u9996\u5148\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u901a\u5e38Login\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u53bb\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u6216\u8005\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u8d26\u53f7\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7531account\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u53e3\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u8981\u7531auth\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5bc6\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u672c\u5730\uff08\/etc\/shadow\uff09\u6216\u8005\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7684(ldap\uff0ckerberos\u7b49)\u53e3\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8bc1\u660eauth\u548caccount\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u6574\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u7ec8\u7aef\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b49\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e24\u7ec4\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n
        session\uff1a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u5230\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u63a7\u5236\uff1b<\/strong>
        \u5904\u7406\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u524d\/\u540e\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\/\u5173\u95ed\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76d1\u89c6\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9053\u5173\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
        password\uff1a\u53e3\u4ee4\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
        \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63a5\u53e3\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u53ea\u80fd\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u591a\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u4e88\u4ee5\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
        2\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\uff1aPAM\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n
        PAM\u4f7f\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u8bb0\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c.\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u53ea\u8bf4\u660e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6807\u8bb0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
        \"linux<\/p>\n
        \u89c4\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406PAM\u6a21\u5757\u9274\u522b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u9274\u522b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u6216\u8005\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5e95\u5c42\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u53e0\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u67d0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6309\u7167\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u201d\uff0c\u5806\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7531control_flag\u680f\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u5206\u522b\u4e3arequired\u3001Requisite\u3001sufficient\u6216_optional\uff1a<\/p>\n
        required\uff1a<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6210\u529f\u662f\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u9274\u522b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e26 required\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u9274\u522b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u5e26required\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\uff0cPAM\u5e76\u4e0d\u7acb\u523b\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u8c03\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u624d\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u8fd4\u56de\u8c03\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u53cd\u6b63\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u54ea\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u9690\u853d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u7c7b\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3adrop\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd8\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n
        requisite\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e0erequired\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5e26\u6b64\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u9274\u522b\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4e00\u65e6\u5931\u8d25\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u884c\u5806\u4e2d\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9274\u522b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684required\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u5149\u660e\u6b63\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
        sufficient\uff1a<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u662f\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u9274\u522b\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53ea\u8981\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3asufficient\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u65e6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48PAM\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86requisite\u6216\u8005required\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3asufficient\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0csufficient\u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u5f53\u505a optional\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u62e5\u6709sufficient \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u5728\u6267\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u65f6\u5219\u5927\u95e8\u655e\u5f00\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u52a1\u5fc5\u614e\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
        optional\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u5373\u4fbf\u8be5\u884c\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u7528\u6237\u4ecd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u5728PAM\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u8be5\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5373\u4f7f\u672c\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u4eab\u53d7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\uff0cPAM\u6846\u67b6\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
        include\uff1a<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728RHEL\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u6574\u8c03\u7528\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u9010\u4e00\u53bb\u5199\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3avalue = action\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
        value1 = action1 value2 = action2 \u2026\u2026<\/pre>\n
        \u5176\u4e2dvalue\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0b\u5217Linux PAM\u5e93\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \n
        success\u3001open_err\u3001symbol_err\u3001service_err\u3001 system_err\u3001buf_err\u3001perm_denied\u3001auth_err\u3001cred_insufficient\u3001authinfo_unavail\u3001user_unknown\u3001maxtries\u3001new_authtok_reqd\u3001acct_expired\u3001 session_err\u3001cred_unavail\u3001cred_expired\u3001cred_err\u3001no_module_data\u3001conv_err\u3001 authtok_err\u3001authtok_recover_err\u3001authtok_lock_busy\u3001authtok_disable_aging\u3001 try_again\u3001ignore\u3001abort\u3001authtok_expired\u3001module_unknown\u3001bad_item\u548cdefault\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
        \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a(default)\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n
        actionN\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bb0\u53f7\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1aignore\u3001ok\u3001done\u3001bad\u3001die\u548creset\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570J\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u540e\u9762J\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5c42\u53e0\u8def\u5f84\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \n
        • \n
          ignore\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          bad\uff1a\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          die\uff1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          ok\uff1a\u544a\u8bc9PAM\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662fPAM_SUCCESS\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u6a21\u5757\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u518d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          done\uff1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u540e\u7eed\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u628a\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u7acb\u523b\u4ea4\u56de\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          reset\uff1a\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u53e0\u6a21\u5757\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          3\uff09\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>
          \u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84.\u5373\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e. \u5982\u679c\u662f64\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/lib64\/security,\u5982: pam_unix.so\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757,\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d.\u5b83\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c.\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b,\u7f16\u5236\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
          4\uff09\u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>
          \u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570,\u5373\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53c2\u6570.\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a,\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u5f00,\u5982:password   required   pam_unix.so nullok obscure min=4 max=8 md5\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e09\u3001PAM\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u4ee5RHEL\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53pam\u5b89\u88c5\u4e4b\u540e\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5728\/lib\/security\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5404\u79cdpam\u6a21\u5757\u4ee5\u53ca\/etc\/pam.d\u548c\/etc\/pam.d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684pam\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5176\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5vsftpd\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/vsftpd\/vsftpd.conf\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
          pam_service_name=vsftpd<\/pre>\n
          \u8868\u793a\u767b\u5f55FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u662f\u6839\u636e\/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u7684pam\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u8bfb\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u6587\u4ef6\u4e88\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u9996\u5148\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u662f\uff1asystem-auth\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684pam\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u8fc7include\u63a5\u53e3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u5b83\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u65b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u603b\u5f00\u5173\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u7684pam\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# grep -v ^# \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\nauth        required      pam_env.so\nauth        sufficient    pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass\nauth        requisite     pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet\nauth        required      pam_deny.so\n\naccount     required      pam_unix.so\naccount     sufficient    pam_localuser.so\naccount     sufficient    pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet\naccount     required      pam_permit.so\n\npassword    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 type=\npassword    sufficient    pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok\npassword    required      pam_deny.so\n\nsession     optional      pam_keyinit.so revoke\nsession     required      pam_limits.so\nsession     [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid\nsession     required      pam_unix.so<\/pre>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7auth\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e26auth\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u901a\u8fc7pam_env.so\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c pam_env.so\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f9d\u636e\/etc\/security\/pam_env.conf\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7pam_unix.so\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bc6\u7801\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201csufficient\u201d\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u53bb\u8d70\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9879\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5728\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u5220\u9664\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pam_succeed_if.so\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u6761\u4ef6\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8uid\u5927\u4e8e500\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7684uid\u90fd\u5728500\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u9879\u5373\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u9879\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u672c\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6700\u540e\u901a\u8fc7pam_deny.so\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u610f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\uff0cpam_deny.so\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e3a\u5426\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u8d70\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u793a\u901a\u8fc7account\u8d26\u6237\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u767b\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528pam_unix.so\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2duid\u5c0f\u4e8e500\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u5f00\u653e\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7password\u53e3\u53e6\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6216\u8005\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8c03\u7528pam_cracklib\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u8005\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u5c06\u5728\u4e09\u6b21\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u4e4b\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u671f\u95f4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0cpam_cracklib.so\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684pam\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u7528\u6cd5\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5e26pam_unix.so\u548cpam_deny.so\u7684\u4e24\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u4e88\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7session\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528pam_keyinit.so\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u5176\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u73af\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7528\u6237\u767b\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e88\u4ee5\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8be5\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662foptional\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u901a\u8fc7pam_limits.so\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fde\u63a5\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u76f8\u5173pam_limit.so\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\/etc\/security\/limits.conf\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u540e\u9762\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684pam\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9a\u5236\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5bf9pam\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
          #%PAM-1.0\n# This file is auto-generated.\n# User changes will be destroyed the next time authconfig is run.\nauth    required    pam_env.so\nauth    required    pam_tally.so onerr=fail deny=5\nauth    sufficient  pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass\nauth    requisite   pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet\nauth    required    pam_deny.so\n\naccount required    pam_unix.so\naccount sufficient  pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet\naccount required    pam_permit.so\n\npassword    requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 minlen=10 lcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1 difok=6\npassword    requisite pam_passwdqc.so use_first_pass enforce=everyone\npassword    sufficient pam_unix.so md5 remember=6 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok\npassword    required pam_deny.so\n\nsession     optional pam_keyinit.so revoke\nsession     required pam_limits.so\nsession     [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid\nsession     required pam_unix.so<\/pre>\n
          \u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u591a\u6b21\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9501\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u5386\u53f2\u7b49\u9650\u5236\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0system-auth\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7684PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u987a\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aPAM\u662f\u6309\u7167\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u751a\u81f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u52a1\u5fc5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u56db\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u7684PAM\u6a21\u5757\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          PAM\u6a21\u5757<\/td>\n\u7ed3\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n\u8bf4\u660e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_unix.so<\/td>\n\n
          auth<\/p>\n<\/td>\n
          		\n
          \u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801,\u5e76\u4e0e\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u6bd4\u5bf9.\u5339\u914d\u8fd4\u56de0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          account<\/td>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f(\u5305\u62ec\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\u7b49).\u5e10\u53f7\u53ef\u7528\u65f6,\u8fd4\u56de0.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          password<\/td>\n\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801. \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801,\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u66f4\u65b0shadow\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_shells.so<\/td>\n\n
          auth<\/p>\n
          account<\/p>\n<\/td>\n
          		\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u60f3\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684shell\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5728\/etc\/shells\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_deny.so<\/td>\n\n
          account<\/p>\n
          auth<\/p>\n
          password<\/p>\n
          session<\/p>\n<\/td>\n
          		\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_permit.so<\/td>\n\n
          auth<\/p>\n
          account<\/p>\n
          password<\/p>\n
          session<\/p>\n<\/td>\n
          		\u6a21\u5757\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_securetty.so<\/td>\nauth<\/td>\n\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8981\u4ee5root\u767b\u5f55\u65f6,\u5219\u767b\u5f55\u7684tty\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\/etc\/securetty\u4e4b\u4e2d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_listfile.so<\/td>\n\n
          auth<\/p>\n
          account<\/p>\n
          password session<\/p>\n<\/td>\n
          		\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5f00\u5173<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_cracklib.so<\/td>\npassword<\/td>\n\n
          \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6808\u4e2d,\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pam_limits.so<\/td>\nsession<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0croot\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u6b64\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/security\/limits.conf\u6216\/etc\/security\/limits.d\/*.conf\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
           \u4e94\u3001PAM\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n
          1\uff09pam_access.so\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n
          pam_access.so\u6a21\u5757\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u901a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216\u8005FQDN\uff09\u3001IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002pam_access.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/security\/access.conf\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7528\u6237\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d1\u8d77\u65b9\u3002\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528””\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u8868\u3002
          \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u6743\u9650\uff08permission\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528”+”\u8868\u793a\u6388\u4e88\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7528”-“\u8868\u793a\u7981\u6b62\u6743\u9650\u3002 
          \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\uff08user\uff09\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528”@”\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u540d\u7528\u6237\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u7528\u6237\u3002 
          \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d1\u8d77\u65b9\uff08origins\uff09\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53d1\u8d77\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u57df\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u4e14\/etc\/security\/access.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8303\u4f8b\u4f9b\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          #\u7981\u6b62\u975eroot\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7tty1\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#-:ALL EXCEPT root:tty1\n\n#\u7981\u6b62\u9664\u4e86wheel\u3001shutdown\u4ee5\u53casync\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#-:ALL EXCEPT wheel shutdown sync:LOCAL\n\n#\u7981\u6b62wheel\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7.win.tue.nl\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5b83\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#-:wheel:ALL EXCEPT LOCAL .win.tue.nl\n\n# \u7981\u6b62\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u673a\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u65b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#-:wsbscaro wsbsecr wsbspac wsbsym wscosor wstaiwde:ALL\n\n# root\u7528\u6237\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7cron\u6765\u4f7f\u7528tty1\u5230tty6\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#+ : root : cron crond :0 tty1 tty2 tty3 tty4 tty5 tty6\n\n# \u7528\u6237root\u5141\u8bb8\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#+ : root : 192.168.200.1 192.168.200.4 192.168.200.9\n#+ : root : 127.0.0.1\n\n# \u7528\u6237root\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece192.168.201.\u7f51\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#+ : root : 192.168.201.\n\n# \u7528\u6237root\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece.foo.bar.org\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#+ : root : .foo.bar.org\n\n# \u7528\u6237root\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#- : root : ALL\n\n# \u7528\u6237@nis_group\u548cfoo\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#+ : @nis_group foo : ALL\n\n# \u7528\u6237john\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece127.0.0.0\/24\u6765\u5bf9\u672c\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\n#+ : john : 127.0.0.0\/24\n\n# \u7528\u6237john\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ipv4\u548cipv6\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u672c\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\n#+ : john : ::ffff:127.0.0.0\/127\n\n# \u7528\u6237john\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ipv6\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#+ : john : 2001:4ca0:0:101::1\n\n# \u7528\u6237john\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ipv6\u7684\u4e3b\u673aIP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u673a\n#+ : john : 2001:4ca0:0:101:0:0:0:1\n\n# \u7528\u6237john\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ipv6\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u63a9\u7801\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\n#+ : john : 2001:4ca0:0:101::\/64\n\n# \u5f00\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u672c\u673a\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\n#- : ALL : ALL<\/pre>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff08vsftp\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>
          \u5982\u679c\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u67b6\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2aFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8be5FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5236\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019pam_access.so\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u7684FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u4f7f\u7528vsftp\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1\uff09\u4fee\u6539FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528account\u63a5\u53e3\u5904\u63d2\u5165\"account    required     pam_access.so\"\u8fd9\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\n#%PAM-1.0\nsession    optional     pam_keyinit.so    force revoke\nauth       required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers onerr=succeed\nauth       required pam_shells.so\nauth       include  password-auth\naccount    include  password-auth\naccount    required     pam_access.so                 \/\/\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\nsession    required     pam_loginuid.so\nsession    include  password-auth\n\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u9488\u5bf9FTP\u8bbf\u95ee\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0pam_access.so\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\n\n2\uff09\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/security\/access.conf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\n\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5e95\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e24\u884c\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/security\/access.conf\n- : kevin : ALL EXCEPT 192.168.10.101\n- : grace : ALL EXCEPT 192.168.10.102\n\n\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e8b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86kevin\u548cgrace\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\uff1a\nkevin\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece192.168.10.101\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbf\u95eeFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1b\ngrace\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece192.168.10.102\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbf\u95eeFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\n\n3\uff09\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/vsftpd\/vsftpd.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7981\u7528\u533f\u540d\u767b\u5f55\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/vsftpd\/vsftpd.conf\n......\nAnonymous_enable = NO \n\n\u8fd9\u6837\u5f53\u91cd\u542fvsftpd\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237kevin\u5c06\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece192.168.10.101\u8bbf\u95eeftp\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800cgrace\u5c06\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece192.168.10.102\u8bbf\u95eeftp\u670d\u52a1\u3002\n\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pam_access.so\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/pre>\n
          2\uff09pam_listfile.so<\/strong><\/p>\n
          pam_listfile.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548cpam_access.so\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\/\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\/IP\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548cpam_access.so\u4f1a\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u9760pam\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u9009\u9879\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bbf\u95ee\u6e90\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u5230ruser\uff0crhost\uff0c\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u548c\u767b\u5f55shell\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4pam_access.so\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5bf9\u4e8epam_listfile.so\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003vsftpd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bf9pam\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u719f\u6089vsftpd\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728vsftpd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0croot\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7ftp\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95eeFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\/etc\/vsftpd\/vsftpd.conf\uff0c\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers\u548c\/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\u5171\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\n......\nauth       required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers onerr=succeed<\/pre>\n
          \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bd5\u56fe\u767b\u5f55FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528pam_listfile.so\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u91ccitem=user\u8868\u793a\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u57fa\u4e8euser\u5373\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u9664\u4e86file\u9009\u9879\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879sense=deny\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5728\/etc\/vsftpd\/vsftpd.conf\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8c03\u7528pam\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/vsftpd\/vsftpd.conf |grep pam_service_name\npam_service_name=vsftpd<\/pre>\n
          \u800c\u6070\u597droot\u7528\u6237\u53c8\u5728\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5236\u7ea6root\u767b\u5f55FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8981\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u5141\u8bb8root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55FTP\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u6539\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1\uff09\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06sense=deny\u6539\u6210sense=allow\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u6b63\u597d\u5c06\u60c5\u51b5\u53cd\u8f6c\u8fc7\u6765\uff0cFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff1b\n2\uff09\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u8c03\u7528pam_listfile.so\u90a3\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u8003\u8651pam_listfile.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\uff1b\n3\uff09\u5c06root\u4ece\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpuser\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\uff1b<\/pre>\n
          \u4e0d\u8fc7\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0croot\u7528\u6237\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728vsftpd\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8epam\uff0cvsftpd\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5176\u505a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u770b\/etc\/vsftpd\/user_list\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 vsftpd]# cat \/etc\/vsftpd\/user_list\n# vsftpd userlist\n# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file\n# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and\n# do not even prompt for a password.\n# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks \/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers\n# for users that are denied.\n........\n........<\/pre>\n
          \u8868\u793a\u5f53vsftpd.conf\u4e2duserlist_deny=NO\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8user_list\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1b\u5982\u679cuserlist_deny=YES\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c06\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u2014\u2014\u6b64\u65f6user_list\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u767b\u5f55FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u5f00\u653eroot\u767b\u5f55FTP\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u5728\/etc\/vsftpd\/vsftpd.conf\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0userlist_deny=YES\u6216\u8005\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389user_list\u4e2d\u7684root\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0cvsftpd\u4e2d\u7981\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f00\u653eroot\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u614e\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53e6\u5916\u9664\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7pam_listfile.so\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u770b\u770bpam_listfile.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528pam_listfile.so\u6a21\u5757\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u662fitem\u3001onerr\u3001sense\u3001file\u4ee5\u53caapply\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\uff1a
          a\uff09item<\/strong>=[tty|user|rhost|ruser|group|shell]\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e9b\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u8005\u6761\u4ef6\u91c7\u7528\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
          b\uff09onerr<\/strong>=succeed|fail\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u65f6\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002
          c\uff09sense<\/strong>=allow|deny\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5f53\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u822c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u90fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u3002
          d\uff09file<\/strong>=filename\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u79f0\u3002
          e\uff09apply<\/strong>=user|@group\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8005\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u800c\u81f3\u4e8efile\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8005\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7167\u846b\u82a6\u753b\u74e2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5728SSH\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5bf9ssh\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\uff1a<\/strong>
          \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8bobo\u8d26\u53f7\u901a\u8fc7ssh\u65b9\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u505a\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1\uff09\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff09\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd\nauth required pam_listfile.so  item=user sense=deny file=\/etc\/pam.d\/denyusers onerr=succeed\n......\n\n2\uff09\u521b\u5efabobo\u8d26\u53f7\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# useradd bobo\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# passwd bobo\nChanging password for user bobo.\nNew password: \nRetype new password: \npasswd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.\n\n3\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/pam.d\/denyusers\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# echo \"bobo\" > \/etc\/pam.d\/denyusers\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/denyusers\nbobo\n\n4\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528bobo\u8d26\u53f7\u901a\u8fc7ssh\u65b9\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e86\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# ssh -p22 bobo@localhost\nbobo@localhost's password: \nPermission denied, please try again.\nbobo@localhost's password:\n\n\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4ee5ssh\u767b\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7pam_listfile.so\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\/etc\/pam.d\/denyuser\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\n\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528bobo\u8d26\u53f7\u4ece\u5176\u5b83\u4e3b\u673a\u8fdc\u7a0bssh\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528root\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u5219\u8bbf\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\uff01\n\n\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610fpam\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684auth\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/pre>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e8c\uff1a<\/strong>
          \u4ec5\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8kevin\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ssh\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u505a\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\uff08\u52a1\u5fc5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff01\uff09\uff1a
          auth       required     pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=\/etc\/sshdusers onerr=succeed<\/p>\n
          \"linux<\/p>\n
          \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237kevin\u548cgrace<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# useradd kevin\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# passwd kevin\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# useradd grace\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# passwd grace<\/pre>\n
          \u7f16\u8f91file\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237kevin\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# echo \"kevin\" >\/etc\/sshdusers          \/\/\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/sshdusers\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<\/pre>\n
          \u7136\u540e\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4f7f\u7528kevin\u8d26\u53f7\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38ssh\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528grace\u8d26\u53f7\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38ssh\u767b\u5f55\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# ssh -p22 kevin@localhost\nkevin@localhost's password: \nLast login: Thu Mar 29 12:02:18 2018 from 192.168.10.206\n\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# ssh -p22 grace@localhost\ngrace@localhost's password: \nPermission denied, please try again.\n\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# ssh -p22 root@localhost\nroot@localhost's password: \nPermission denied, please try again.<\/pre>\n
          \u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u5904\u5982\u679croot\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528ssh\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230pam_listfile.so\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6e29\u99a8\u63d0\u793a\uff1a<\/strong>
          \u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0cLinux-PAM \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168(\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf)\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168(\u62d2\u7edd\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee)\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cLinux-PAM \u5728\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u914d\u7f6e Linux-PAM \u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f Linux-PAM \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/pam.d\/*\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9501\u4f4f\u3002\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u6765\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
          3\uff09pam_limits.so\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n
          pam_limits.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\/etc\/security\/limits.conf\u3002\u800c\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u75314\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
          Domain            type            item                                     value\n\u7528\u6237\u540d\/\u7ec4\u540d       \u8f6f\/\u786c\u9650\u5236                                                   \u5177\u4f53\u503c\n\u3000\u3000                              core\u2014\u2014core\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f (KB)\n\u3000\u3000                              data\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f(KB)\n\u3000\u3000                              fsize\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f(KB)\n\u3000\u3000                              memlock\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4(KB)\n\u3000\u3000                              nofile\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\n\u3000\u3000                              rss\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u9a7b\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4(KB)\n\u3000\u3000                              stack\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u5806\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4(KB)\n\u3000\u3000                              cpu\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\uff08MIN\uff09\n\u3000\u3000                              nproc\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\n\u3000\u3000                              as\u2014\u2014\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\n\u3000\u3000                              maxlogins\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u591a\u6b21\u6570\n\u3000\u3000                              locks\u2014\u2014\u6700\u5927\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u76ee<\/pre>\n
          \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”-“\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6bd4\u9488\u5bf9\u7ec4\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pam_limits.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884cOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684RHEL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u822cOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\uff08Oracle\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5728Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\/etc\/security\/limits.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/security\/limits.conf\n.......\noracle           soft    nproc   2047\noracle           hard    nproc   16384\noracle           soft    nofile  1024\noracle           hard    nofile  65536<\/pre>\n
          \u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9700\u8981\u5bf9Oracle\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a oracle\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5927\u80fd\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc716384\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc765536\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u81f3\u4e8esoft\u548chard\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u914d\u989d\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u9650\u5236\u548c\u786c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684soft limit\u4f46\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7hard limit\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86root\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6539hard limit\u3002\u8be5\u8c03\u6574\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ulimit\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9nofile\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/sysctl.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6539fs.file-max\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u4e4b\u540esysctl \u2013p\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong>
          pam_limits.so\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728SSH\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684ssh\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237bobo\u767b\u5f55\u5230SSH\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff08\u9632\u6b62\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5f00\u542f\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u9650\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u7531\u4e8e\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7pam_limits.so \u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u6700\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth|grep limits.so\nsession     required      pam_limits.so\n\n\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\/etc\/security\/limits.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9bobo\u7528\u6237\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5b9a\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/security\/limits.conf\n......\nbobo             hard    maxlogins       2\n\n\u6700\u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5\n\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee5bobo\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u5f55SSH\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u767b\u5f55\u3002\n\u4f46\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5f00\u542f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u88ab\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\n\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8fd9\u6837\u9650\u5236\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee5ssh\u65b9\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ecexshell\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\uff01<\/pre>\n
          4\uff09pam_rootok.so\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cpam_rootok.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4f7fuid\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5373root\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002pam_rootok.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53root\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u53e3\u4ee4\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4”su”\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f53\u4ee5root\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c”su”\u5207\u6362\u5230\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u53e3\u4ee4\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5207\u6362\u8fc7\u53bb\uff1f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\/etc\/pam.d\/su\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5947\u602a\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/su\n......\nauth        sufficient  pam_rootok.so<\/pre>\n
          \u800c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5373\u4fbf\u4ee5root\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684”sufficient”\u6539\u6210”required”\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\uff0cpam_rootok.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
          pam_rootok.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5728chfn\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u3002Chfn\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5f53\u4ee5root\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884cchfn\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884cchfn\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/chfn\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u4e86pam_rootok.so\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u91cc\u5373\u4fbf\u5c06\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\uff0croot\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7chfn\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6050\u6015\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f88\u591aPAM\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9root\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff08\u7981\u7528\u7528\u6237\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528su\u5207\u6362\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
          su\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9
          1\uff09\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168su\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0csu\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adfsu\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237root\u5bc6\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u7528\u6237\u624b\u4e2d\u3002
          2\uff09\u9ebb\u70e6\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u628aroot\u5bc6\u7801\u544a\u77e5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9700\u8981root\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/su\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7981\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/su
          auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
          # Uncomment the following line to implicitly trust users in the “wheel” group.
          #auth sufficient pam_wheel.so trust use_uid
          # Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the “wheel” group.
          #auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid
          ………..<\/p>\n
          a\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6807\u7ea2\u7684\u4e24\u884c\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u5f00\u542f\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff09\uff0c<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u6362\u7684\uff01\uff08\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u884c\u90fd\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46root\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528su\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0d\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u5219root\u4f7f\u7528su\u5207\u6362\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff09
          b\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u542f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff0c<\/strong>\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709root\u7528\u6237\u548cwheel\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\u3002
          c\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709wheel\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\uff0croot\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u7981\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
          5\uff09 pam_userdb.so\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n
          pam_userdb.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Berkeley\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u548c\u53e3\u4ee4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\/etc\/passwd\u548c\/etc\/shadow\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8eLDAP\u6216\u8005NIS\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eBerkeley\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
          pam_userdb.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u5408vsftpd\u914d\u7f6e\u57fa\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u53ca\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u800c\u8a00\u624d\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u9650\u5b9a\u5728pam_userdb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95eeFTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95eeFTP\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5bf9FTP\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u57fa\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684vsftpd\u7684\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9FTP\u7684\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u662fpasswd\uff09\u4ece\u800c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95eeFTP\u7684\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662fdb4\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fBerkeley DB\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528pam_userdb.so\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0FTP\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5212\u5206\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
          6\uff09pam_cracklib.so\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n
          pam_cracklib.so\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u5e76\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684PAM\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5f3a\u5065\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u5373\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002pam_cracklib.so\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u96be\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8ba1\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
          debug\uff1a    \u5c06\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1b\ntype=xxx\uff1a \u5f53\u6dfb\u52a0\/\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662f\"New UNIX password:\"\u4ee5\u53ca\"Retype UNIX password:\"\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6307\u5b9atype=your own word\uff1b\nretry=N\uff1a  \u5b9a\u4e49\u767b\u5f55\/\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff1b\nDifok=N\uff1a  \u5b9a\u4e49\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8981\u4e0e\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u67091\/2\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0e\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u5c06\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff1b\nminlen=N\uff1a \u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b\ndcredit=N\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff1b\nucredit=N\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff1b\nlcredit=N\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd\uff1b\nocredit=N\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u9664\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e4b\u5916\uff09\uff1b\n\n\u7279\u522b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\n\u5f53N>0\u65f6\uff0cN\u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709N\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff01\uff01\n\u5f53N<0\u65f6\uff0cN\u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u6700\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709N\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff01\uff01\n\n\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u8bae\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u4e4b\u751f\u6548\uff01<\/pre>\n
          \/etc\/pam.d\/login\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5305\u542b\u4e86\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/login|grep system-auth\nauth       include      system-auth\naccount    include      system-auth\npassword   include      system-auth\nsession    include      system-auth<\/pre>\n
          \u5982\u4e0b\u770bpam_cracklib.so\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528pam_cracklib.so\u6765\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f3a\u5065\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\n#%PAM-1.0\n# This file is auto-generated.\n# User changes will be destroyed the next time authconfig is run.\nauth        required      pam_env.so\nauth        sufficient    pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass\nauth        requisite     pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet\nauth        required      pam_deny.so\n\naccount     required      pam_unix.so\naccount     sufficient    pam_localuser.so\naccount     sufficient    pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet\naccount     required      pam_permit.so\n\npassword    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 type=\npassword    sufficient    pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok\npassword    required      pam_deny.so\n\nsession     optional      pam_keyinit.so revoke\nsession     required      pam_limits.so\nsession     [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid\nsession     required      pam_unix.so\n \n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u4f7f\u7528pam_cracklib.so\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u770b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6ee1\u8db39\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\n \n\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u50cfminlen\u548c\u6240\u6709credit\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u975e0\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u503c\u5230\u5e95\u8868\u793a\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\n\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c06\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\n \n\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u503c\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\n \n\u9996\u5148\u8981\u660e\u786e\u6574\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a\n\u6700\u5c0f\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\uff08minlen\uff09\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u8005\u7b49\u4e8e dcredit+ucredit+lcredit+ocredit+\u5176\u5b83\u5206\u503c \uff08\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3 * credit\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\n \n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\n*credit=-1\u8868\u793a\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u610f\u601d\n*credit=N\uff08N\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u52a0N\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982dcredit=2\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u52a02\u5206\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u52a04\u5206\uff09\n\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91ccminlen\u5176\u5b9e\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5e94\u8be5\u662fmincredit\u3002\n \n\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53pam_cracklib.so\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\uff1a\npassword    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 minlen=12 dcredit=2 ucredit=0 lcredit=0 ocredit=0\n \n\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff1a\n[bobo@centos6-test06 ~]$ passwd\nChanging password for user bobo.\nChanging password for bobo\n(current) UNIX password:\nNew UNIX password:                   \u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\"1\\=poiuyt\"   \u4e0d\u6210\u529f      1\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u518d\u52a02\u5206\n \n\u6b64\u65f6\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c2\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6bcf\u4e2a1\u5206\uff0c\u603b\u517110\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3minlen\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\nBAD PASSWORD: is too simple\nNew UNIX password:                   \u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\"12\\=poiuyt\"   \u6210\u529f     2\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u518d\u52a02\u5206\nRetype new UNIX password:\n \n\u6b64\u65f6\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c4\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6bcf\u4e2a1\u5206\uff0c\u603b\u517112\u5206\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3minlen\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bc6\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\nNew UNIX password:                   \u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\"1\\=poiuytre\"   \u6210\u529f     1\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u518d\u52a02\u5206\nRetype new UNIX password:\n \n\u6b64\u65f6\u5bc6\u7801\u67091\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c2\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6bcf\u4e2a1\u5206\uff0c\u603b\u517112\u5206\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3minlen\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bc6\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\n \n\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\n \n\u5f53\u67d0\u7c7bcredit\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570N\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u8be5\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0N\u5206\uff1b\u5f53\u67d0\u7c7bcredit\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570N\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u67d0\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907N\u4e2a\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u6211\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e00\u6f14\u793a\u3002\n \n\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u603b\u5206\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u8005\u7b49\u4e8eminlen\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709credit\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u901a\u8fc7\uff1b \u5373\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u90fd\u7b97\u6570\uff09\uff0b*credit\uff08\u52a0\u5206\uff09>=minlen\n \n\u6240\u4ee5pam_cracklib.so\u6a21\u5757\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u3002<\/pre>\n
          7\uff09pam_pwhistroy.so\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n
          pam_pwhistory.so\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8f85\u52a9pam_cracklib.so\uff0cpam_tally.so\u4ee5\u53capam_unix.so\u7b49\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7pam_pwhistory.so\u6a21\u5757\u8d77\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\uff08\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u4e0b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5728root\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff09<\/strong><\/strong>
          \u5f53\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u572890\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u768410\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728password\u63a5\u53e3\u5904\u589e\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n
          [root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\n......\npassword  required  pam_cracklib.so  retry=3  password  required  pam_pwhistory.so enforce_for_root remember=10\n\n----------------------------------------------------------------\n\u6b64\u65f6\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5c06\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\/etc\/security\/opasswd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662fpam_pwhistory.so\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u5728\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\n\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u768490\u5929\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5f5390\u5929\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e00\u6b21opasswd\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u3002\n\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6837\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9664\u4e86pam_pwhistory.so\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fpam_unix.so\u6a21\u5757\u3002\n\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ed9pam_unix.so\u6a21\u5757\u91cc\u52a0\u4e0aremember=10\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\n.......\npassword required pam_unix.so md5 remember=10 use_authtok\n\n\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u540c\u6837\u8bb0\u4f4f10\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\n\n\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6b64\u65f6\/etc\/security\/opasswd\u6587\u4ef6\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86N\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5c31\u5341\u5206\u5173\u952e\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u88abroot\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# touch \/etc\/security\/opasswd\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# chown root:root \/etc\/security\/opasswd\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# chmod 600 \/etc\/security\/opasswd<\/pre>\n
          ==========\u603b\u7ed3\u51e0\u4e2aPAM\u6a21\u5757\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9e\u64cd\u6848\u4f8b===========<\/strong><\/p>\n
          1\uff09\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u5f3a\u8feb\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb3\u6b21\u5185\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u91cd\u590d\uff1f\uff08\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u4e0b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5728root\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u4fee\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth,\u589e\u52a0pam_unix.so\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\n......\npassword    sufficient    pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok remember=3<\/pre>\n
          2\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b5\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u548c3\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u4fee\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\uff0c\u5728password\u4f7f\u7528pam_cracklib.so\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9644\u52a0 dcredit=-5 ocredit=-3\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\n......\npassword    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 dcredit=-5 ocredit=-3  \n\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\u540c\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\n\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u7684n\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u548cn\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u90e8\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff01\uff01<\/pre>\n
          3\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u9650\u5236kevin\u7528\u6237\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u767b\u96464\u4e2a\uff1f\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236root\u7528\u6237\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u9700\u8981pam_limits.so\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7pam_limits.so \u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u6700\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90.\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth|grep limits.so\nsession     required      pam_limits.so\n\n\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\/etc\/security\/limits.conf \u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9:\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/security\/limits.conf\n......\nkevin        hard       maxlogins       4<\/pre>\n
          4\uff09\u67d0\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u7eed\u767b\u9646\u5931\u8d252\u6b21\u5c31\u9501\u5b9a\u8be5\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u9646\uff1f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u80fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u767b\u5f55\u4e09\u6b21\uff0c\u7531retry=N\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0cLinux\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u591a\u6b21\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d77\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u7535\u8111\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7PAM\u6a21\u5757\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\nLinux\u6709\u4e00\u4e2apam_tally2.so\u7684PAM\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b21\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u3002\n \n\u7f16\u8bd1PAM\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vi  \/etc\/pam.d\/login    \/\/\u5728#%PAM-1.0\u4e0b\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n#%PAM-1.0\nauth       required     pam_tally2.so  onerr=fail deny=2 unlock_time=300 even_deny_root root_unlock_time=10\n......\n \n\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\nonerr=fail         \u8868\u793a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u65f6\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1b\neven_deny_root     \u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u9650\u5236root\u7528\u6237\uff1b\ndeny               \u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u548croot\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u7eed\u9519\u8bef\u767b\u9646\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u9501\u5b9a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\uff1b\nunlock_time        \u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u9501\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u89e3\u9501\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u79d2\uff1b\nroot_unlock_time   \u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u5b9aroot\u7528\u6237\u9501\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u89e3\u9501\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u79d2\uff1b\n \n\u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f pam_tally2\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301pam_tally2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pam_tally\u6a21\u5757\u3002\n\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684pam\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u3002\n \n\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\n\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230#%PAM-1.0\u7684\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff01\uff01\n\u5982\u679c\u5199\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u7684\uff01\n \n------------------------------------------\n\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\/etc\/pam.d\/password-auth\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\/etc\/pam.d\/login\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff08include\uff09\u4e86password-auth\u914d\u7f6e\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth      \/\/\u540c\u6837\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230auth\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\n#%PAM-1.0\n# This file is auto-generated.\n# User changes will be destroyed the next time authconfig is run.\nauth       required     pam_tally2.so  onerr=fail deny=2 unlock_time=300 even_deny_root root_unlock_time=10\n \n========================================================================================\n\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\n\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53ea\u662f\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4ecetty\u7ec8\u7aef\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u8fdc\u7a0bssh\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u9650\u5236\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u914d\u7f6e\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd            \/\/\u540c\u6837\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230auth\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\n#%PAM-1.0\nauth       required     pam_tally2.so  onerr=fail deny=2 unlock_time=300 even_deny_root root_unlock_time=10\n \n\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ssh\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u6b21\u9519\u8bef\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u4e86\uff01\n\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\u6b21\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230deny\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u3002\n \n \n\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\n[bobo@centos6-test06 ~]$ ssh -p22 kevin@localhost\nkevin@localhost's password:                     \/\/\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef\nPermission denied, please try again.   \nkevin@localhost's password:                     \/\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\nPermission denied, please try again.\nkevin@localhost's password:                     \/\/\u63a5\u7740\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a300s\u4e86\uff01\nPermission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).\n \n\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a300s\u4e86\uff01\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u5bc6\u7801\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u987a\u5229\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u673a\u5668\u7684\uff01\n[bobo@centos6-test06 ~]$ ssh -p22 kevin@localhost\nkevin@localhost's password:\nPermission denied, please try again.\n \n\u63a5\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9501\uff01\uff01\n\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u7531\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f93\u95193\u6b21\u4e86\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# pam_tally2 --user kevin\nLogin           Failures Latest failure     From\nkevin               3    03\/30\/18 07:35:49  ::1\n \n\u89e3\u9501\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# pam_tally2 -r -u kevin\nLogin           Failures Latest failure     From\nkevin               3    03\/30\/18 07:35:49  ::1\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# pam_tally2 --user kevin\nLogin           Failures Latest failure     From\nkevin               0\n \n\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\u673a\u5668\u4e86\n[bobo@centos6-test06 ~]$ ssh -p22 kevin@localhost\nkevin@localhost's password:\nLast login: Fri Mar 30 07:40:04 2018 from ::1\n[kevin@centos6-test06 ~]$<\/pre>\n
          5\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u9650\u5236root\u53ea\u80fd\u4ecekevin.com\u8fd9\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528ssh\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u9646\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u7531\u4e8essh\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528sshd,\u800csshd\u521a\u597d\u652f\u6301PAM\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# ldd \/usr\/sbin\/sshd | grep libpam.so  \n    libpam.so.0 => \/lib64\/libpam.so.0 (0x00007f36f254d000)\n\n\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd,\u52a0\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd \nauth       include      system-auth  \naccount    required     pam_access.so accessfile=\/etc\/deny_sshd  \naccount    required     pam_nologin.so  \n\n\u521b\u5efa\/etc\/deny_sshd\u6587\u4ef6\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# touch \/etc\/deny_sshd\n[root@centos6-test06 ~]# vim \/etc\/deny_sshd\n-:root:ALL EXCEPT kevin.com<\/pre>\n
          \u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86\u300alinux pam\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5c06\u5176\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8eLinux,pam\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          linux pam\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48 \u600e\u4e48\u5165\u95e8\u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1f\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u54ea\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u4eec\u521a\u63a5\u89e6\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6765\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u6574\u7406\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u300alinux pam\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u85cf\u4e00\u4e0b \u5728linux\u4e2d\uff0cPAM\u662f\u6307\u53ef\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002PAM\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u201c\/etc\/pam.d\/\u201d\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f \u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u5728Linux\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6709\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5bf9\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982login, su\u7b49\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u7531PAM\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0cPAM\uff08Pluggable Authentication Modules\uff09\u53ef\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002 \u4e00\u3001PAM\u6a21\u5757\u4ecb\u7ecd Linux-PAM\uff08\u5373linux\u53ef\u63d2\u5165\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528(\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u5199)\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bPAM\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5347\u7ea7\u672c\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 PAM\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\/etc\/pam.d\/\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f \u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\/lib\/security\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7d\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\uff0c\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u8f93\u5165root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fsu\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528PAM\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002 PAM\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b Linux-PAM\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b,\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f: \u8ba4\u8bc1\u7ba1\u7406(auth) \u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406(account) \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406(session) \u5bc6\u7801(password)\u7ba1\u7406 \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u7531PAM\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528\u3002 vi \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a \u914d\u7f6e\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5217\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u5757\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u56db\u79cd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a auth\u6a21\u5757: \u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5982:\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u4e3aroot\u7b49\u3002 auth\u6a21\u5757: \u5bf9\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5982:\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7528\u6237\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u662froot\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u767b\u5f55\u7b49\u3002 session\u6a21\u5757: \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u524d\u7684\uff0c\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u6240\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982:\u767b\u5f55\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002 password\u6a21\u5757: \u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5982:\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3002 \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a auth\u3001account\u3001password\u3001session\uff0cauth\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u5e72\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0cauth\u5904\u7406\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\uff0caccount\u3001password\u3001session\u548c\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6ca1\u5565\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982password\u662f\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001PAM\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5:1\uff09\u5199\u5728\/etc\/pam.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46centos6\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u30022\uff09\u5c06PAM\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5230\/etc\/pam.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b,\u5176\u89c4\u5219\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b service \u90e8\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\/etc\/pam.d \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5982\uff1a vsftpd,login\u7b49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u4e86\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u5217\u3002\u5982\uff1a\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd [root@centos6-test06 ~]# cat \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd  #%PAM-1.0 auth    required pam_sepermit.so auth       include      password-auth account    required     pam_nologin.so account    include      password-auth password   include      password-auth # pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule session    required     pam_selinux.so      close session    required     pam_loginuid.so # pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context session    required     pam_selinux.so      open env_params […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52306\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}