{"id":52332,"date":"2024-12-03T13:29:09","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T05:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52332\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T13:29:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T05:29:09","slug":"linux%e7%9a%84%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52332\/","title":{"rendered":"linux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>linux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b<\/h1>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7262\u56fa\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6765\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u300alinux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5feb\u70b9\u6536\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>linux\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff1a1\u3001\u201c\/etc\/passwd\u201d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u82b1\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b2\u3001\u201c\/etc\/shadow\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b3\u3001\u201c\/etc\/group\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b4\u3001\u201c\/etc\/gshadow\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>Linux \u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba Linux \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u843d\u811a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7ec4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u82b1\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\/etc\/group<\/code>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u82b1\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\/etc\/gshadow<\/code>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code> \u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u7528 x \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u653e\u5728 \/etc\/shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237 UID<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u56db\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 GID<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u516d\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e03\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Shell \u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u662f \/etc\/passwd \u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cshadow \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u884c\u6570\u4e0e passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u884c\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u6bcf\u884c\u4e5f\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u548c passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u4e92\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3002shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u4e5d\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u661f\u53f7\u6216\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\uff08\u4ece 1970\/1\/1 \u65e5\u8d77\u5230\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u56db\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u6700\u5c0f\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f 0\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff08\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f 99999\uff0c\u5927\u6982 273 \u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u516d\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u8b66\u544a\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u59cb\u8b66\u544a\u7528\u6237\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u6b63\u5f0f\u5931\u6548\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f 7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e03\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u4f5c\u5e9f\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7981\u7528\u6b64\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7981\u7528\u540e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8fc7\u671f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u516b\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5929\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u662f 1970\/1\/1\u3002\u671f\u6ee1\u540e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u4e86\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u6c38\u4e45\u53ef\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>\/etc\/group<\/code> \u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5927\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u9488\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528 x \u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u653e\u5728 \/etc\/gshadow \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 GID<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u56db\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u4ece\u5c5e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>\/etc\/gshadow<\/code> \u662f \/etc\/group \u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cgshadow \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u884c\u6570\u4e0e group \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u884c\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002gshadow \u6587\u4ef6\u6bcf\u884c\u4e5f\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u548c group \u6587\u4ef6\u4e92\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002gshadow \u6587\u4ef6\u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u7a7a\u6216\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u5bc6\u7801\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9700\u8981\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff09<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><code>\u7b2c\u56db\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code>\uff1a\u4ece\u5c5e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 useradd \u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 passwd \u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u521a\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/passwd \u548c \/etc\/shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 groupadd \u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/group \u548c \/etc\/gshadow\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5462\uff1f\u51fa\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u6c42\uff0cpasswd \u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5728 passwd \u4e2d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u653e\u5728\u4e86 shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u6709\u6839\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>root@centos:~#&nbsp;ls&nbsp;-l&nbsp;\/etc\/passwd\n-rw-r--r--&nbsp;1&nbsp;root&nbsp;root&nbsp;4500&nbsp;6\u6708&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;00:30&nbsp;\/etc\/passwd\n\nroot@centos:~#&nbsp;ls&nbsp;-l&nbsp;\/etc\/shadow\n-rw-r-----&nbsp;1&nbsp;root&nbsp;shadow&nbsp;5251&nbsp;6\u6708&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;00:30&nbsp;\/etc\/shadow\n\nroot@centos:~#&nbsp;ls&nbsp;-l&nbsp;\/etc\/group\n-rw-r--r--&nbsp;1&nbsp;root&nbsp;root&nbsp;1664&nbsp;6\u6708&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;00:30&nbsp;\/etc\/group\n\nroot@centos:~#&nbsp;ls&nbsp;-l&nbsp;\/etc\/gshadow\n-rw-r-----&nbsp;1&nbsp;root&nbsp;shadow&nbsp;1354&nbsp;6\u6708&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;00:30&nbsp;\/etc\/gshadow<\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u987a\u5229\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u82e5\u662f\u80fd\u7ed9\u4f60\u5e26\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u591a\u591a\u652f\u6301\u7c73\u4e91\uff01\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>linux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7262\u56fa\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7c73\u4e91\u5c31\u6765\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u300alinux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5feb\u70b9\u6536\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\uff01 linux\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff1a1\u3001\u201c\/etc\/passwd\u201d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u82b1\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b2\u3001\u201c\/etc\/shadow\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b3\u3001\u201c\/etc\/group\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b4\u3001\u201c\/etc\/gshadow\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 Linux \u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba Linux \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u843d\u811a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7ec4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e \/etc\/passwd\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u82b1\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \/etc\/shadow\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e \/etc\/group\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u82b1\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002 \/etc\/gshadow\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5f71\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f \u7528\u6cd5 \/etc\/passwd \u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff1a \u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u540d \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u7528 x \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u653e\u5728 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