<\/b> <\/p>\nlinux sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b<\/h1>\n
\u4eca\u65e5\u4e0d\u80af\u57cb\u5934\uff0c\u660e\u65e5\u4f55\u4ee5\u62ac\u5934\uff01\u6bcf\u65e5\u4e00\u53e5\u52aa\u529b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u54c8\u54c8~\u54c8\u55bd\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c06\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7bc7\u300alinux sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u300b<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u8bb2\u89e3<\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u85cf\u6216\u8005\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u771f\u770b\u7684\uff01\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff01<\/p>\n \u201cSudo\u201d\u662fUnix\/Linux\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u4e9b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201c\u6743\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5176\u4ed6 \u7279\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u50cfmount\uff0chalt\uff0csu\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7f16\u8f91\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u50cf\/etc\/mtab\uff0c\/etc \/samba\/smb.conf\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u9646\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00. sudo\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n sudo\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u8981\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u683c\u5916\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u652b\u53d6root\u6743\u9650\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u8981\u517c\u987e\u6613\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002sudo\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\uff1a\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f46\u4ecd\u5141\u8bb8\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0csudo \u3000 # 1. sudo\u80fd\u591f\u9650\u5236\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u4e8c. sudo\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n sudo\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86SUID\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n sudo\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\/etc\/sudoers\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u660e\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528sudo\uff0c\u7528\u6237 \u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1asudo\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6267\u884csudo\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5728sudoers\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7sudo\u6267 \u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0csudo\u4f1a\u5411\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u62a5\u544a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sudo -v\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5728sudoers \u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5238\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u624b\u518c\u9875sudo(8)\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e09. \u914d\u7f6esudo<\/strong><\/p>\n \u914d\u7f6esudo\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/sudoers\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528visudo\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528visudo\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u9632\u6b62 visudo\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\u5728vi\u91cc\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528vi\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9879\u3002visudo\u4e0d\u4f1a\u64c5\u81ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e26\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u8be2\u95ee\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u952e\u5165\u201ce\u201d\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u952e\u5165\u201cx\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u952e\u5165\u201cQ\u201d\u662f\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u771f\u9009\u62e9Q\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48sudo\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u88ab\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b66\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199\u5b83\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u8ba9\u7528\u6237Foobar\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sudo\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709root\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4ee5root\u8eab\u4efd\u7528visudo\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u4e2a\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e86\uff0croot\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4eff\u7167\u73b0\u6709root\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u6700\u597d\u7528tab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u767d\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u5230foobar\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n \u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9650\u5236\u4e00\u4e0bfoobar\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u8ba9\u4ed6\u50cfroot\u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u7528ls\u548cifconfig\uff0c\u628a\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u6539\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n \u518d\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n \u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2aALL\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aALL\u662f\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u628a\u5b83\u6539\u6210\u4e86\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u660e \u4f46\u8fd9\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cfoobar\u5230\u5e95\u4ee5jimmy\u8fd8\u662frene\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\uff1f\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u60f3\u5230\u4e86sudo -u\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u6b63\u662f\u7528\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u5019\u3002 foobar\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sudo -u jimmy kill PID\u6216\u8005sudo -u rene kill PID\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u633a\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6bcf\u6b21\u52a0-u\uff0c\u628arene\u6216jimmy\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u518d\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n Defaults:foobar runas_default=rene<\/p>\n Defaults\u540e\u9762\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u540e\u9762\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u767b\u5f55\u4e86\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u8fd8\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u70e6\u7410\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n \u518d\u6765sudo\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u201c\u67d0\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6237foobar\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528!\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u7528!\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u6765\u4eceALL\u4e2d\u201c\u5254\u51fa\u201d\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u6548\u679c\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u90a3\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u540e\u518d\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n \u56db. \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168<\/strong><\/p>\n sudo\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\u5f97\u5f88\u5468\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0csudo\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5f00\u542f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5728syslog.conf\u6700\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\u7528tab\u5206\u5272\u5f00\uff09\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1a<\/p>\n \u91cd\u542f\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b88\u5019\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c<\/p>\n \u628a\u5f97\u5230\u7684syslogd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PID\uff08\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u662fPID\uff09\u586b\u5165\u4e0b\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u6837\uff0csudo\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u201c\u7f3a\u9677\u201d\uff0csudo\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5fe0\u5b9e\uff1a<\/p>\n \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\uff01\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cshell\u628a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0csudo\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u901e\uff1a<\/p>\n sudo \u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4ee5root\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884csudo \u672c\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u300alinux sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c31\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u5566\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b66\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" linux sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b \u4eca\u65e5\u4e0d\u80af\u57cb\u5934\uff0c\u660e\u65e5\u4f55\u4ee5\u62ac\u5934\uff01\u6bcf\u65e5\u4e00\u53e5\u52aa\u529b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u54c8\u54c8~\u54c8\u55bd\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c06\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7bc7\u300alinux sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u8bb2\u89e3\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u85cf\u6216\u8005\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u771f\u770b\u7684\uff01\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\uff01 \u201cSudo\u201d\u662fUnix\/Linux\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u4e9b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201c\u6743\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5176\u4ed6 \u7279\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u50cfmount\uff0chalt\uff0csu\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7f16\u8f91\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u50cf\/etc\/mtab\uff0c\/etc \/samba\/smb.conf\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u9646\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u4e00. sudo\u7684\u7279\u70b9 sudo\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u8981\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u683c\u5916\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u652b\u53d6root\u6743\u9650\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u8981\u517c\u987e\u6613\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002sudo\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\uff1a\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f46\u4ecd\u5141\u8bb8\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0csudo \u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a \u3000 # 1. sudo\u80fd\u591f\u9650\u5236\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 # 2. sudo\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u505a\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f20\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u8005\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 # 3. sudo\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u96c6\u4e2d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u5b83\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\/etc\/sudoers\u3002 # 4.sudo\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u68c0\u7968\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884csudo\u5e76\u4e14\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b58\u6d3b\u671f\u4e3a5\u5206\u949f\u7684\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5238\u201d\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6539\u53d8\uff09\u3002\u8d85\u65f6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002 \u4e8c. sudo\u547d\u4ee4 sudo\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86SUID\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1a $ls -l \/usr\/bin\/sudo —s–x–x 2 root root 106832 02-12 17:41 \/usr\/bin\/sudo sudo\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\/etc\/sudoers\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u660e\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528sudo\uff0c\u7528\u6237 \u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1asudo\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6267\u884csudo\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5728sudoers\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7sudo\u6267 \u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0csudo\u4f1a\u5411\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u62a5\u544a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sudo -v\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5728sudoers \u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5238\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002 sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a sudo -K -L -V -h -k -l -vsudo [-HPSb] [-a auth_type] [-c class-] [-p prompt] [-u username#uid] {-e file […] -i -s command} \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0bsudo\u5176\u5b83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff1a \u9009\u9879 \u542b\u4e49 \u4f5c\u7528 sudo -h Help \u5217\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u3002 sudo -V Version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u3002 sudo -l List \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728sudoers\u91cc\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u3002 sudo -u username#uid User \u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u9664root\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f#uid\u3002 sudo -k Kill \u6e05\u9664\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5377\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u65f6\u8981\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002 sudo -K Sure kill \u4e0e-k\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8fd8\u8981\u6495\u6bc1\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5377\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5220\u9664\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 sudo -b command Background \u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52361"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52361\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
# 2. sudo\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u505a\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f20\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u8005\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002
# 3. sudo\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u96c6\u4e2d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u5b83\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\/etc\/sudoers\u3002
# 4.sudo\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u68c0\u7968\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884csudo\u5e76\u4e14\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b58\u6d3b\u671f\u4e3a5\u5206\u949f\u7684\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5238\u201d\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6539\u53d8\uff09\u3002\u8d85\u65f6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n$ls -l \/usr\/bin\/sudo\n \n ---s--x--x 2 root root 106832 02-12 17:41 \/usr\/bin\/sudo<\/pre>\n
sudo -K -L -V -h -k -l -vsudo [-HPSb] [-a auth_type] [-c class-] [-p prompt] [-u username#uid] {-e file [...] -i -s command}\n \n \n\n \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0bsudo\u5176\u5b83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n \n\u9009\u9879 \u542b\u4e49 \u4f5c\u7528\n \nsudo -h Help \u5217\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u3002\n \nsudo -V Version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u3002\n \nsudo -l List \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728sudoers\u91cc\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u3002\n \nsudo -u username#uid User \u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u9664root\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f#uid\u3002\n \nsudo -k Kill \u6e05\u9664\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5377\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u65f6\u8981\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\n \nsudo -K Sure kill \u4e0e-k\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8fd8\u8981\u6495\u6bc1\u201c\u5165\u573a\u5377\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5220\u9664\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n \nsudo -b command Background \u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n \nsudo -p prompt command Prompt \u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u8be2\u95ee\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u8bed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d%u\u4f1a\u4ee3\u6362\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\uff0c%h\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\n \n sudo -e file Edit \u4e0d\u662f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4sudoedit\u3002<\/pre>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5b83\u4e5f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u6700\u597d\u7528visudo\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n>>> sudoers file: syntax error, line 22 <<<\/pre>\n
# Runas alias specification\n \n# User privilege specificationroot ALL=(ALL)ALL<\/pre>\n
foobar ALL=(ALL) ALL<\/pre>\n
[foobar@localhost ~]$ ls \/root\n \nls: \/root: \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\n \n[foobar@localhost ~]$ sudo ls \/root\n \nPassWord:\n \nanaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog<\/pre>\n
foobar localhost= \/sbin\/ifconfig, \/bin\/ls<\/pre>\n
[foobar@localhost ~]$ sudo head -5 \/etc\/shadow\n \nPassword:\n \nSorry, user foobar is not allowed to execute '\/usr\/bin\/head -5 \/etc\/shadow' as root on localhost.localdomain.\n \n[foobar@localhost ~]$ sudo \/sbin\/ifconfigeth0 Linkencap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:14:85:EC:E9:9B...<\/pre>\n
foobar\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u7684ALL\u662f\u6307\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u8c01\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a
ALL\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8ba9foobar\u7528\u6237\u5728linux\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u4ee5jimmy\u6216rene\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884ckill\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7f16\u5199\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\nfoobar linux=(jimmy,rene) \/bin\/kill<\/pre>\n
Defaults env_reset<\/pre>\n
foobar localhost=NOPASSWD: \/bin\/cat, \/bin\/ls<\/pre>\n
[foobar@localhost ~]$ sudo ls \/rootanaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log\n \ninstall.log.syslog<\/pre>\n
# toUCh \/var\/log\/sudo\n \n# vi \/etc\/syslog.conf<\/pre>\n
local2.debug \/var\/log\/sudo<\/pre>\n
ps aux grep syslogd<\/pre>\n
kill \u2013HUP PID<\/pre>\n
[foobar@localhost ~]$ sudo ls \/rootanaconda-ks.cfg\n \nDesktop install.log\n \ninstall.log.syslog\n \n$cat \/var\/log\/sudoJul 28 22:52:54 localhost sudo: foobar :\n \nTTY=pts\/1 ; PWD=\/home\/foobar ; USER=root ; COMMAND=\/bin\/ls \/root<\/pre>\n
[foobar@localhost ~]$ sudo cat \/etc\/shadow > \/dev\/null\n \n[foobar@localhost ~]$\n \ncat \/var\/log\/sudo...Jul 28 23:10:24 localhost sudo: foobar : TTY=pts\/1 ;\n \nPWD=\/home\/foobar ; USER=root ; COMMAND=\/bin\/cat \/etc\/shadow<\/pre>\n
[foobar@localhost ~]$ sudo ls \/root > \/etc\/shadowbash: \/etc\/shadow: \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f<\/pre>\n
-V\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0bsudo\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9sudo\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u518d\u4f20\u9012\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1aPATH\uff0cHOME\uff0c
SHELL\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sudoers\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n