{"id":52386,"date":"2024-12-03T11:42:34","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52386\/"},"modified":"2024-12-03T11:42:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T03:42:34","slug":"linux-su%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81%e6%8c%87%e7%9a%84%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/52386\/","title":{"rendered":"linux su\u5bc6\u7801\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

linux su\u5bc6\u7801\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h1>\n

\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u719f\u6089\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c06\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u300alinux su\u5bc6\u7801\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300b<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230<\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u770b\u5b8c\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u79ef\u6781\u8bc4\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff01\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u6cb9\u8fdb\u6b65\uff01<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

su\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u662froot\u6839\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1b\u5b89\u88c5Linux\u6216\u8005Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u63d0\u793a\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165root\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6267\u884c\u201csudo su\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002su\u5168\u79f0\u201cswitch user\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u6682\u65f6\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u5165\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u9664root\u5916\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u6240\u8981\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

su\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d<\/strong><\/p>\n

su\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u662froot\u6839\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5462\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5Linux\u6216\u8005Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u63d0\u793a\u8ba9\u60a8\u8f93\u5165root\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884csudo su\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba9\u60a8\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u661f\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u8f66\u5c31\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

su\u547d\u4ee4\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n

su\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u62fc\uff1aswitch user\uff09\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d su \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u6682\u65f6\u53d8\u66f4\u767b\u5165\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u9664 root \u5916\u53d8\u66f4\u65f6\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u6240\u8981\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/strong>\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/strong>\u53d8\u66f4\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u9884\u8bbe\u53d8\u66f4\u4e3aroot\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

su [-fmp] [-c command] [-s shell] [--help] [--version] [-] [USER [ARG]]<\/pre>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    -f \u6216 –fast \u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bfb\u542f\u52a8\u6863\uff08\u5982 csh.cshrc \u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e csh \u6216 tcsh<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    -m -p \u6216 –preserve-environment \u6267\u884c su \u65f6\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    -c command \u6216 –command=command \u53d8\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e10\u53f7\u4e3a USER \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\uff08command\uff09\u540e\u518d\u53d8\u56de\u539f\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    -s shell \u6216 –shell=shell \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 shell \uff08bash csh tcsh \u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u503c\u4e3a \/etc\/passwd \u5185\u7684\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08USER\uff09 shell<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    –help \u663e\u793a\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    –version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u8d44\u8baf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    – -l \u6216 –login \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u52a0\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u91cd\u65b0 login \u4e3a\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u6570\uff08HOME SHELL USER\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08USER\uff09\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a USER \uff0c\u5185\u5b9a\u662f root<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    USER \u6b32\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e10\u53f7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    ARG \u4f20\u5165\u65b0\u7684 shell \u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u5e38\u7528\u8303\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a\u53d8\u66f4\u5e10\u53f7\u4e3a root \u5e76\u5728\u6267\u884c ls \u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u53d8\u56de\u539f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u547d\u4ee4\uff1asu -c ls root<\/code><\/p>\n
    \u2003\u2003\u53d8\u66f4\u5e10\u53f7\u4e3a root \u5e76\u5728\u6267\u884c ls \u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u53d8\u56de\u539f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
    [root@localhost ~]# su -c ls root\n\u516c\u5171  \u89c6\u9891  \u6587\u6863  \u97f3\u4e50\tanaconda-ks.cfg\n\u6a21\u677f  \u56fe\u7247  \u4e0b\u8f7d  \u684c\u9762\tinitial-setup-ks.cfg<\/pre>\n
    \u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u547d\u4ee4\uff1a su root<\/code><\/p>\n
    \u2003\u2003testuser\u5207\u6362\u6210root\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6539\u6210root\u4f46\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u662ftestuser\u73af\u5883
     \u2003\u2003\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u5207\u6362\u5927\u6743\u9650\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801;\u5927\u6743\u9650\u5207\u6362\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002
     \u2003\u2003\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
    [testuser@localhost ~]$ whoami \/\/\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\ntestuser\n[testuser@localhost ~]$ pwd \/\/\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\n\/home\/testuser\n[testuser@localhost ~]$ su root \/\/\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u7528\u6237\n\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\n[root@localhost testuser]# whoami\nroot\n[root@localhost testuser]# pwd\n\/home\/testuser<\/pre>\n
    \u4f8b\u4e09\uff1a\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u547d\u4ee4\uff1asu - root<\/code><\/p>\n
    \u2003\u2003testuser\u5207\u6362\u6210root\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6539\u6210root\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u662froot\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5373\u53d8\u66f4\u5e10\u53f7\u4e3a root \u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3 root \u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002
     \u2003\u2003\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
    [testuser@localhost ~]$ whoami\ntestuser\n[testuser@localhost ~]$ pwd\n\/home\/testuser\n[testuser@localhost ~]$ su - root\n\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\n[root@localhost ~]# whoami\nroot\n[root@localhost ~]# pwd\n\/root<\/pre>\n
    su \u548c su – \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 su \u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u6709 – \u548c\u6ca1\u6709 – \u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c- \u9009\u9879\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fde\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u5207\u6362\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u6ca1\u6709\u968f\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u547d\u4ee4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237 lamp \u901a\u8fc7 su \u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u6210 root \u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 – \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u770b\u4f3c\u662f root \u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684 $PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f9d\u7136\u662f lamp \u7684\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f root \u7684\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b \/sbin\u3001\/usr\/sbin\u7b49\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u547d\u4ee4\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53 root \u7528\u6237\u63a5\u53d7\u90ae\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6536\u5230\u7684\u662f lamp \u7528\u6237\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf $MAIL \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u6709 – \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ea\u5207\u6362\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 service \u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u770b\u5230 su \u548c su – \u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    [lamp@localhost ~]$ whoami\nlamp\n#\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6211\u662flamp\n[lamp@localhost ~]$ su root\n\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\n<-\u8f93\u5165root\u5bc6\u7801\n#\u5207\u6362\u5230root\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5207\u6362\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801\n[root@localhost ~]# env | grep lamp\n#\u67e5\u770b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u5305\u542blamp\u7684\u884c\nUSER=lamp\n#\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fd8\u662flamp\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662froot\nPATH=\/usr\/lib\/qt-3.3\/bin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/bin:\/usr\/bin:\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/sbin:\/sbin:\/home\/lamp\/bin\n#\u547d\u4ee4\u67fb\u627e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u8def\u5f84\nMAIL=\/var\/spool\/mail\/lamp\nPWD=\/home\/lamp\nLOGNAME=lamp\n#\u90ae\u7bb1\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u76ee\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fd8\u662flamp<\/pre>\n
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 su – \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6210\u529f\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u4f46\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f9d\u65e7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u539f\u7528\u6237\u7684\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u7c73\u4e91\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b~<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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