{"id":56752,"date":"2025-02-23T17:21:57","date_gmt":"2025-02-23T09:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/?p=56752"},"modified":"2025-02-23T17:36:11","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T09:36:11","slug":"%e5%80%9f%e5%8a%a9-pam-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%ef%bc%8c%e8%be%be%e6%88%90-linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%96%b0%e9%ab%98%e5%ba%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/56752\/","title":{"rendered":"\u501f\u52a9 PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u65b0\u9ad8\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 <strong>Linux<\/strong> \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u800c <strong>PAM<\/strong>\uff08\u53ef\u63d2\u62d4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f <strong>\/etc\/pam.d<\/strong> \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5b83\u662f PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8 <strong>\/etc\/pam.d<\/strong> \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f PAM\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>PAM\uff08Pluggable Authentication Module\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002PAM \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5404\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9700\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u5757\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>PAM \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u7b80\u5316\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\/etc\/pam.d \u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\/etc\/pam.d<\/strong> \u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u4e86 PAM \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982 sshd\u3001sudo\u3001login \u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u8d26\u6237\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/th>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>login<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec8\u7aef\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>sshd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u63a7\u5236 SSH \u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>sudo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u63a7\u5236\u4f7f\u7528 <code>sudo<\/code> \u63d0\u5347\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>common-auth<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u5b83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>common-password<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>common-account<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d26\u6237\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>common-session<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u7528\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u8bdd\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1aUbuntu 20.04 \u7684 <code>\/etc\/pam.d<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-56755\" src=\"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/3SH-300x126.png\"  width=\"300\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/3SH-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/3SH.png 658w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" title=\"\u501f\u52a9 PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u65b0\u9ad8\u5ea6\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"\u501f\u52a9 PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u65b0\u9ad8\u5ea6\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a <code>\/etc\/pam.d<\/code> \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u591a\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b    \u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7     \u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84         \u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>1. \u5b57\u6bb5\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u5757\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>auth<\/code>\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>account<\/code>\uff1a\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u8d26\u6237\u9501\u5b9a\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>password<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>session<\/code>\uff1a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u6216\u767b\u5f55\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li><code>required<\/code>\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>requisite<\/code>\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>sufficient<\/code>\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u5373\u8ba4\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>optional<\/code>\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a <code>\/lib\/security\/<\/code> \u6216 <code>\/usr\/lib\/security\/<\/code> \u4e0b\u7684 PAM \u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684 <code>sshd<\/code> \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">auth       required     pam_env.so\r\nauth       required     pam_unix.so\r\nauth       required     pam_tally2.so deny=5 unlock_time=300\r\naccount    required     pam_unix.so\r\npassword   required     pam_unix.so\r\nsession    required     pam_limits.so\r\nsession    optional     pam_motd.so\r\nsession    required     pam_unix.so\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u89e3\u8bfb<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>pam_env.so<\/code>\uff1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>pam_unix.so<\/code>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 UNIX \u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>pam_tally2.so<\/code>\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed 5 \u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u6237 5 \u5206\u949f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>pam_limits.so<\/code>\uff1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>pam_motd.so<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e <code>\/etc\/pam.d<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>pam_tally2<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">auth required pam_tally2.so deny=5 unlock_time=300\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>deny=5<\/code>\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u5931\u8d25 5 \u6b21\u540e\u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>unlock_time=300<\/code>\uff1a5 \u5206\u949f\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u5f3a\u5236\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>pam_pwquality<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u5f3a\u5236\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7801\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3 minlen=12 difok=4\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>retry=3<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6709 3 \u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\u8f93\u5165\u5408\u683c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>minlen=12<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u81f3\u5c11 12 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>difok=4<\/code>\uff1a\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u81f3\u5c11\u6709 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>dcredit=N<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>ucredit=N<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>lcredit=N<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>ocredit=N<\/code>\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570\uff08\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u9650\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7 <code>pam_limits.so<\/code> \u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8d44\u6e90\u6ee5\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">session required pam_limits.so\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408 <code>\/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u663e\u793a\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7 <code>pam_motd.so<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u516c\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">session optional pam_motd.so\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c06\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165 <code>\/etc\/motd<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">Unauthorized access is prohibited.\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u6392\u67e5 PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u7684 PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6392\u67e5\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u68c0\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p>PAM \u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 <code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code> \u6216 <code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code> \u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/auth.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>2. \u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u652f\u6301\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684 PAM \u8c03\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sshd -ddd\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>3. \u5907\u4efd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u4fee\u6539 <code>\/etc\/pam.d<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u5148\u5907\u4efd\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd.bak\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p><code>\/etc\/pam.d<\/code> \u662f <strong>Linux<\/strong> \u7cfb\u7edf\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\u5230\u5f3a\u5236\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0cPAM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u638c\u63e1 <code>\/etc\/pam.d<\/code> \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u9020\u66f4\u52a0\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u7ebf\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u800c PAM\uff08\u53ef\u63d2\u62d4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f \/etc\/pam.d \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5b83\u662f PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8 \/etc\/pam.d \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f PAM\uff1f PAM\uff08Pluggable Authentication Module\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002PAM \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a \u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1a\u5404\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u9700\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u3002 \u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 \u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002 PAM \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u7b80\u5316\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\/etc\/pam.d \u7684\u4f5c\u7528 \/etc\/pam.d \u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u4e86 PAM \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982 sshd\u3001sudo\u3001login \u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u8d26\u6237\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u9014\uff1a \u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0 login \u63a7\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec8\u7aef\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f sshd \u63a7\u5236 SSH \u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f sudo \u63a7\u5236\u4f7f\u7528 sudo \u63d0\u5347\u6743\u9650\u65f6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f common-auth \u901a\u7528\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u5b83 common-password \u901a\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565 common-account \u901a\u7528\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d26\u6237\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5219 common-session \u901a\u7528\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u8bdd\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u89c4\u5219 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1aUbuntu 20.04 \u7684 \/etc\/pam.d \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56752"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56752\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56756,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56752\/revisions\/56756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}