{"id":61399,"date":"2025-04-29T08:58:19","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T00:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/61399\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T08:58:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T00:58:19","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8linux%e4%b8%8a%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/61399\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5728linux\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728linux\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\u5728Linux\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>cat\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>cat \/var\/log\/syslog<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>tail\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528tail\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e10\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>tail \/var\/log\/syslog<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-n\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>tail -n 20 \/var\/log\/syslog<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>less\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528less\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>less \/var\/log\/syslog<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u952e\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528b\u952e\u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>grep\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>grep \"error\" \/var\/log\/syslog<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-i\u9009\u9879\u6765\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-v\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6392\u9664\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>awk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>awk '\/error\/{print}' \/var\/log\/syslog<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8282\u7701\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u5907\u4efd\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>cp \/var\/log\/syslog \/var\/log\/syslog.bak<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u538b\u7f29\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>gzip \/var\/log\/syslog.bak<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0.gz\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u6e05\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5360\u6ee1\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528logrotate\u5de5\u5177\uff1alogrotate\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6e\u8f6c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u914d\u7f6elogrotate\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>vim \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8f6e\u8f6c\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u7406\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u811a\u672c\u6765\u5b9a\u671f\u5220\u9664\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>#!\/bin\/bash\n \n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u6e05\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\nLOG_DIR=\"\/var\/log\"\n \n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u6e05\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u5929\u6570\nEXPIRE_DAYS=30\n \n# \u6e05\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\nfind \"${LOG_DIR}\" -type f -mtime +\"${EXPIRE_DAYS}\" -exec rm -f {} ;<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u811a\u672c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aclean_logs.sh\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5728linux\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728linux\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5728Linux\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a cat\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a cat \/var\/log\/syslog \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 tail\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528tail\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e10\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a tail \/var\/log\/syslog \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-n\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a tail -n 20 \/var\/log\/syslog \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 less\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528less\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a less \/var\/log\/syslog \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u952e\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528b\u952e\u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u9875\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a grep\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a grep &#8220;error&#8221; \/var\/log\/syslog \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-i\u9009\u9879\u6765\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-v\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6392\u9664\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 awk\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a awk &#8216;\/error\/{print}&#8217; \/var\/log\/syslog \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u4e09\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8282\u7701\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u5907\u4efd\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a cp \/var\/log\/syslog \/var\/log\/syslog.bak \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 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