{"id":61976,"date":"2025-04-29T13:55:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T05:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/61976\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T13:55:54","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T05:55:54","slug":"linux%e4%b8%8b%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e6%a3%80%e6%b5%8b%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%92%8c%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/61976\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u4e0b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e0b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a
\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ea7\u751f\u91cf\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4
    grep\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u627e\u51fa\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a
    grep “error” logfile<\/li>\n
  2. \u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4
    awk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\uff1a
    awk ‘{print $1}’ logfile | sort | uniq -c<\/li>\n
  3. \u4f7f\u7528sed\u547d\u4ee4
    sed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5220\u9664\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff1a
    sed ‘s\/[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}\/\/g’ logfile<\/li>\n
  4. \u4f7f\u7528logrotate\u5de5\u5177
    logrotate\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6elogrotate\u4f7f\u5176\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6e\u8f6c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b
      \u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u8b66\u62a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982fail2ban\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b
      \u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u503c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e09\u500d\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982ELK\uff08Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana\uff09\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b
      \u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982TensorFlow\u3001Scikit-learn\u7b49\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u548cshell\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

      #!\/bin\/bash\n\nlogfile=\"access.log\"\nkeyword=\"error\"\n\ngrep $keyword $logfile | while read -r line\ndo\n    echo \"Found error in line: $line\"\ndone<\/pre>\n
       \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0a\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u641c\u7d22\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u9519\u8bef\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u627e\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a
      \u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5206\u6790\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u4e0b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u4e0b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565 \u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ea7\u751f\u91cf\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5728Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565 \u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4grep\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u627e\u51fa\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1agrep “error” logfile \u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4awk\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\uff1aawk ‘{print $1}’ logfile | sort | uniq -c \u4f7f\u7528sed\u547d\u4ee4sed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5220\u9664\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff1ased ‘s\/[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}\/\/g’ logfile \u4f7f\u7528logrotate\u5de5\u5177logrotate\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6elogrotate\u4f7f\u5176\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6e\u8f6c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565 \u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u8b66\u62a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982fail2ban\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002 \u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u503c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e09\u500d\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982ELK\uff08Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana\uff09\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002 \u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982TensorFlow\u3001Scikit-learn\u7b49\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002 \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u548cshell\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a #!\/bin\/bash logfile=”access.log” keyword=”error” grep $keyword $logfile | while read -r line do echo “Found error in line: $line” done 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