{"id":61989,"date":"2025-04-29T11:43:22","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T03:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/61989\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T11:43:22","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T03:43:22","slug":"linux%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%92%8c%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%b3%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/61989\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a<br \/>\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u8e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6536\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8<br \/>\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 \/var\/log \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>1.1 \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5de5\u5177<br \/>Linux \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec syslog-ng\u3001rsyslog \u548c journald\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u5fd7\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.2 \u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u7b56\u7565<br \/>\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u5927\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982 logrotate\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u6216\u538b\u7f29\u65e7\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 1\uff1alogrotate \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<pre>\/var\/log\/syslog\n{\n    rotate 7\n    daily\n    missingok\n    notifempty\n    delaycompress\n    compress\n    postrotate\n        systemctl reload rsyslog.service &amp;gt; \/dev\/null 2&amp;gt;&amp;amp;1 || true\n    endscript\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4<br \/>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u76d1\u6d4b\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5de5\u5177<br \/>Linux \u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982 grep\u3001awk\u3001sed \u548c cut \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5272\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 2\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 grep \u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<pre># \u7b5b\u9009\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\ngrep \"error\" \/var\/log\/syslog\n\n# \u7b5b\u9009\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\ngrep \"2022-09-01\" \/var\/log\/syslog\n\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b5b\u9009\u65e5\u5fd7\ngrep -E \"(error|warning)\" \/var\/log\/syslog<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<br \/>\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec ELK Stack\uff08Elasticsearch\u3001Logstash \u548c Kibana\uff09\u3001Splunk \u548c Graylog \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e0e\u8b66\u62a5<br \/>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe\u8868\u3001\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u6216\u62a5\u8868\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8b66\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7cfb\u7edf\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>3.1 \u4f7f\u7528 Kibana \u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7<br \/>Kibana \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e Elasticsearch \u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7f8e\u89c2\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b 3\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 Kibana \u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<pre>GET \/logs\/_search\n{\n  \"size\": 0,\n  \"aggs\": {\n    \"status_count\": {\n      \"terms\": {\n        \"field\": \"status\"\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 <\/p>\n<p>3.2 \u914d\u7f6e\u8b66\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8b66\u62a5\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8b66\u62a5\u5de5\u5177\u6709 Zabbix\u3001Prometheus \u548c Nagios \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 linux \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8bfb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5 \u6458\u8981\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u8e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002 \u65e5\u5fd7\u6536\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 \/var\/log \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a 1.1 \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5de5\u5177Linux \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec syslog-ng\u3001rsyslog \u548c journald\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u5fd7\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002 1.2 \u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u7b56\u7565\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u5927\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982 logrotate\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u6216\u538b\u7f29\u65e7\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b 1\uff1alogrotate \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b \/var\/log\/syslog { rotate 7 daily missingok notifempty delaycompress compress postrotate systemctl reload rsyslog.service &amp;gt; \/dev\/null 2&amp;gt;&amp;amp;1 || true endscript } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u76d1\u6d4b\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002 2.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5de5\u5177Linux \u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982 grep\u3001awk\u3001sed \u548c cut \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5272\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b 2\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 grep \u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e5\u5fd7 # 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