{"id":62417,"date":"2025-04-29T10:42:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T02:42:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62417\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T10:42:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T02:42:17","slug":"linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%8a%a0%e5%9b%ba%ef%bc%9a%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e5%92%8c%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e6%82%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62417\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/887\/227\/169415758585479.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a<br \/>\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u5f97\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u56fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u60a8\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<br \/>\u5b89\u88c5\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08\u5982apt\u3001yum\u6216dnf\uff09\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728Debian\/Ubuntu\u548cCentOS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Debian\/Ubuntu:<\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>CentOS:<\/p>\n<pre>sudo yum update<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u5347\u7ea7\u60a8\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<br \/>\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\uff08IPv4\uff09\u6216nftables\uff08IPv6\uff09\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u53ef\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u7981\u7528\u60a8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u7528Apache\u6216Nginx\u7b49\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff08Ubuntu\/Debian\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo service --status-all<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>sudo service &lt;service-name&gt; stop\nsudo systemctl disable &lt;service-name&gt;&lt;\/service-name&gt;&lt;\/service-name&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<br \/>\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u5f31\u70b9\u8fdb\u5165\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91OpenSSH\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre># Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr\n# MACs hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee<br \/>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u8fdc\u7a0b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528SSH\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u5f55\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Fail2ban<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u516d\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e<br \/>\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b8c\u5168\u514d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982rsync\u3001tar\u6216Duplicity\u6765\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u60a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre># \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\nsudo tar -cvzf backup.tar.gz \/path\/to\/important\/data\n\n# \u8fd8\u539f\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\nsudo tar -xvzf backup.tar.gz -C \/path\/to\/restore\/data<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e03\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e<br \/>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GPG\u6216openssl\u6765\u52a0\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528GPG\u52a0\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>gpg --cipher-algo AES256 -c filename<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528openssl\u52a0\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -in file.txt -out file.txt.enc<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u60a8\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5982\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5bc6\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf \u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u5f97\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u56fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u60a8\u7684Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5b89\u88c5\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08\u5982apt\u3001yum\u6216dnf\uff09\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728Debian\/Ubuntu\u548cCentOS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff1a Debian\/Ubuntu: sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 CentOS: sudo yum update \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u5347\u7ea7\u60a8\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\uff08IPv4\uff09\u6216nftables\uff08IPv6\uff09\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp &#8211;dport 22 -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state &#8211;state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002 \u4e09\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u53ef\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u7981\u7528\u60a8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u7528Apache\u6216Nginx\u7b49\u670d\u52a1\u3002 \u67e5\u770b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff08Ubuntu\/Debian\uff09\uff1a sudo service &#8211;status-all \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a sudo service [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62417"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62417\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}