{"id":62469,"date":"2025-04-29T11:15:10","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T03:15:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62469\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T11:15:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T03:15:10","slug":"linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e9%98%b2%e5%be%a1-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62469\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/465\/014\/169423508879379.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a<br \/>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540dLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u52a0\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177\u662fiptables\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684iptables\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9aIP\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.0\/24 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6IP\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>iptables -L<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001SSH\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p>SSH\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9SSH\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539SSH\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a22\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\n# \u4fee\u6539Port 22\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\n# \u4fee\u6539PermitRootLogin\u4e3ano<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7981\u6b62\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\n# \u4fee\u6539PermitEmptyPasswords\u4e3ano<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08HIDS\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Host-based Intrusion Detection System\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0HIDS\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684HIDS\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Open Source Tripwire\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>tripwire --check<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528AIDE\uff08Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>aide --check<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528tcpdump\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>tcpdump -i eth0 -s 0 -w output.pcap<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Wireshark\u5206\u6790\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>wireshark -r output.pcap<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e94\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u662f\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u7edf\u8ba1\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>grep \"Failed password\" \/var\/log\/auth.log | awk '{print $11}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>grep \"Accepted password\" \/var\/log\/auth.log | awk '{print $11}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u516d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<p>\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>vi \/etc\/login.defs\n# \u4fee\u6539PASS_MIN_LEN\u4e3a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>vi \/etc\/pam.d\/common-password\n# \u4fee\u6539password requisite pam_cracklib.so\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u7ed9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<br \/>[1] Linux\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e\u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4iptables\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0chttps:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/u010648555\/article\/details\/82840741<br \/>[2] Linux\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u8be6\u89e3\uff0chttps:\/\/cloud.tencent.com\/developer\/article\/1006847<br \/>[3] SSH\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0chttps:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/me115\/p\/13098681.html<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1 \u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540dLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u52a0\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e \u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177\u662fiptables\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684iptables\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a \u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9aIP\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.0\/24 -p tcp &#8211;dport 22 -j ACCEPT \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6IP\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a iptables -A INPUT -p tcp &#8211;dport 22 -j DROP \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a iptables -L \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e8c\u3001SSH\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e SSH\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9SSH\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a \u4fee\u6539SSH\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a22\uff09\uff1a vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config # \u4fee\u6539Port 22\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7 \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff1a vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config # \u4fee\u6539PermitRootLogin\u4e3ano \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u7981\u6b62\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\uff1a vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config # \u4fee\u6539PermitEmptyPasswords\u4e3ano \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e09\u3001\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08HIDS\uff09 \u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Host-based [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62469\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}