{"id":62477,"date":"2025-04-29T16:54:05","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T08:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62477\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T16:54:05","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T08:54:05","slug":"%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84web%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e6%8e%aa%e6%96%bd%e3%80%82-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62477\/","title":{"rendered":"\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/000\/164\/169423868571763.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u63aa\u65bd<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8eWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0cWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7a83\u53d6\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u6216\u4f2a\u9020\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\u3002<\/p>\n<pre># \u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66\nsudo apt-get install openssl\nsudo mkdir \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\nsudo openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.crt -keyout \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.key\n\n# \u914d\u7f6eNginx\nserver {\n    listen 443;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl on;\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.crt;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.key;\n\n    # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e...\n\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u662fWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5408\u6cd5\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u6267\u884c\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528JWT\uff08JSON Web Token\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<pre># \u5b89\u88c5jsonwebtoken\u5e93\npip install pyjwt\n\n# \u751f\u6210JWT Token\nimport jwt\njwt_token = jwt.encode({'user_id': 123}, 'secret_key', algorithm='HS256').decode()\n\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1JWT Token\njwt_data = jwt.decode(jwt_token, 'secret_key', algorithms=['HS256'])\nuser_id = jwt_data['user_id']<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u590d\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt-get update  # \u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4fe1\u606f\nsudo apt-get upgrade  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fc7\u6ee4\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6eLinux\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u6765\u81ea\u6307\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<pre># \u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95eeSSH\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.100 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT\n# \u963b\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6IP\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95eeSSH\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u3001\u9650\u5236\u654f\u611f\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u654f\u611f\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<pre># \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\nsudo chmod -R 755 \/path\/to\/directory<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u516d\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u53ca\u65f6\u5e94\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982ELK\uff08Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ELK\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<pre># \u5b89\u88c5ELK\nsudo apt-get install elasticsearch logstash kibana\n\n# \u914d\u7f6eLogstash\ninput {\n  file {\n    path =&amp;gt; \"\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\"\n    start_position =&amp;gt; \"beginning\"\n  }\n}\noutput {\n  elasticsearch {\n    hosts =&amp;gt; [\"localhost:9200\"]\n    index =&amp;gt; \"web_access_log\"\n  }\n}\n\n# \u914d\u7f6eKibana\nserver.host: \"localhost\"\nelasticsearch.url: \"http:\/\/localhost:9200\"<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u3001\u9650\u5236\u654f\u611f\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cWeb\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u63aa\u65bd \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8eWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0cWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u5347Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684Web\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7a83\u53d6\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u6216\u4f2a\u9020\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6eHTTPS\u3002 # \u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66 sudo apt-get install openssl sudo mkdir \/etc\/nginx\/ssl sudo openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.crt -keyout \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.key # \u914d\u7f6eNginx server { listen 443; server_name example.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/nginx\/ssl\/server.key; # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e&#8230; } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e8c\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1 \u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u662fWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5408\u6cd5\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u6267\u884c\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528JWT\uff08JSON Web Token\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002 # \u5b89\u88c5jsonwebtoken\u5e93 pip install pyjwt # \u751f\u6210JWT Token [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62477\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}