{"id":62480,"date":"2025-04-29T12:55:35","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T04:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62480\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T12:55:35","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T04:55:35","slug":"linux%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%ef%bc%9a%e5%8a%a0%e5%bc%baweb%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e3%80%82-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62480\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/887\/227\/169424094073123.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<br \/>\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u673a\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u589e\u5f3aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u6765\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3011<br \/>HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u62e6\u622a\u548c\u7a83\u53d6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301HTTPS\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>server {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private.key;\n\n    location \/ {\n        \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801...\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u3011<br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5bf9Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre># \u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u548c\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5\niptables -P INPUT DROP\niptables -P FORWARD DROP\niptables -P OUTPUT DROP\n\n# \u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.100 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.200 --dport 443 -j ACCEPT\niptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 192.168.1.100 --sport 80 -j ACCEPT\niptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 192.168.1.200 --sport 443 -j ACCEPT<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528WAF\uff08Web\u5e94\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff09\u3011<br \/>WAF\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u963b\u6b62Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\u653b\u51fb(XSS)\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Web\u653b\u51fb\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u548c\u9632\u62a4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528WAF\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528ModSecurity\u6765\u914d\u7f6eWAF\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre># \u5b89\u88c5ModSecurity\napt-get install libapache2-mod-security2\n\n# \u914d\u7f6eModSecurity\nvi \/etc\/apache2\/mods-enabled\/security2.conf\n\n&lt;ifmodule mod_security2.c&gt;\n    SecRuleEngine On\n    SecRuleRemoveById 900015\n\n    &lt;locationmatch&gt;\n        SecRuleEngine DetectionOnly\n    &lt;\/locationmatch&gt;&lt;\/ifmodule&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u56db\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3011<br \/>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u88ab\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cLinux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u8865\u4e01\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u9700\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u65b0Ubuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>apt-get update\napt-get upgrade<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3011<br \/>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5bc6\u7801\u88ab\u731c\u6d4b\u6216\u88ab\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u957f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a8\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528PAM\u6a21\u5757\u914d\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre># \u5b89\u88c5PAM\u6a21\u5757\napt-get install libpam-google-authenticator\n\n# \u914d\u7f6ePAM\u6a21\u5757\nvi \/etc\/pam.d\/common-password\n\npassword    required    pam_google_authenticator.so\npassword    required    pam_permit.so<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u7ed3\u8bba\u3011<br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4f7f\u7528WAF\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4Web\u63a5\u53e3\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5 \u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u673a\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u589e\u5f3aLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0aWeb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u3010\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u6765\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3011HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u62e6\u622a\u548c\u7a83\u53d6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u8bc1\u4e66\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301HTTPS\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a server { listen 443 ssl; server_name example.com; ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/certificate.crt; ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/private.key; location \/ { \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801&#8230; } } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u3010\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u3011\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5bf9Web\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a # \u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u548c\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5 iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # \u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.100 &#8211;dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62480\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}