{"id":62818,"date":"2025-04-29T09:25:16","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T01:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62818\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T09:25:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T01:25:16","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0nginx%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62818\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0Nginx\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/887\/227\/169941117834778.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0Nginx\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0Nginx\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0 Nginx \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p>Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0cNginx \u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a2xx\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff08\u8d85\u65f6\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a5xx\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u505c\u6b62\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u914d\u7f6e upstream<\/p>\n<p>\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u901a\u5e38\u5728 upstream \u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002upstream \u662f Nginx \u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 upstream \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>upstream backend {\n    server backend1.example.com;\n    server backend2.example.com;\n    server backend3.example.com;\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 upstream \u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>upstream backend {\n    server backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n    server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n    server backend3.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0cmax_fails \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\uff0cfail_timeout \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0cNginx \u4e0d\u518d\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u6682\u505c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<p>Nginx \u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a location \u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>location \/healthcheck {\n    proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n    proxy_http_version 1.1;\n    proxy_set_header Connection \"\";\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\/healthcheck \u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0cproxy_pass \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>Nginx \u901a\u8fc7 proxy_next_upstream \u6307\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>http {\n    upstream backend {\n        server backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n        server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n        server backend3.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n        check interval=5s rise=2 fall=3 timeout=2s;\n    }\n\n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name example.com;\n\n        location \/healthcheck {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n            proxy_http_version 1.1;\n            proxy_set_header Connection \"\";\n        }\n\n        error_page 502 = \/custom_502.html;\n        location = \/custom_502.html {\n            root \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html;\n            internal;\n        }\n\n        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_502;\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0ccheck interval \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\uff0crise \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u6210\u529f\u6b21\u6570\uff0cfall \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\uff0ctimeout \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0 Nginx \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u63a7\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5b83\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0Nginx\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0 Nginx \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e Nginx \u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u539f\u7406 \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0cNginx \u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a2xx\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff08\u8d85\u65f6\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a5xx\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u505c\u6b62\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5 1\u3001\u914d\u7f6e upstream \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u901a\u5e38\u5728 upstream \u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002upstream \u662f Nginx \u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 upstream \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a upstream backend { server backend1.example.com; server backend2.example.com; server backend3.example.com; } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 2\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570 \u5728 upstream \u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a upstream backend { server backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; server backend3.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-os"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62818"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62818\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}