{"id":62844,"date":"2025-04-29T14:34:20","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T06:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62844\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T14:34:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T06:34:20","slug":"nginx%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0http%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8d%e8%af%95%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/62844\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nginx\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\u63d2\u56fe\"<\/p>\n

Nginx\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n

Nginx\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7b49\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u8d77\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

http {\n\n    upstream backend {\n        server backend1.example.com weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;\n        server backend2.example.com backup;\n    }\n    \n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name example.com;\n    \n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n            proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;\n            proxy_connect_timeout 2s;\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n
  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684upstream\u5757\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5176\u4e2dbackend1.example.com\u548cbackend2.example.com\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0cweight=5\u8868\u793a\u6743\u91cd\u4e3a5\uff0cmax_fails=3\u8868\u793a\u91cd\u8bd53\u6b21\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0cfail_timeout=30s\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a30\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n
proxy_pass\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cproxy_next_upstream\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f53\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2derror\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0ctimeout\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0cinvalid_header\u8868\u793a\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u65e0\u6548\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0chttp_500\u3001http_502\u3001http_503\u548chttp_504\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a500\u3001502\u3001503\u548c504\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528proxy_connect_timeout\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cproxy_set_header\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u7684Host\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684Host\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dNginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u91cd\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95eehttp:\/\/example.com\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u8d85\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u914d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u6216\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u662fNginx\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cNginx\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6210\u529f\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7Nginx\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fNginx\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nginx\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b Nginx\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7b49\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u8d77\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u914d\u7f6eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff1a http { upstream backend { server backend1.example.com weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; server backend2.example.com backup; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location \/ { proxy_pass http:\/\/backend; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504; proxy_connect_timeout 2s; proxy_set_header Host $host; } } } \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684upstream\u5757\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5176\u4e2dbackend1.example.com\u548cbackend2.example.com\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0cweight=5\u8868\u793a\u6743\u91cd\u4e3a5\uff0cmax_fails=3\u8868\u793a\u91cd\u8bd53\u6b21\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0cfail_timeout=30s\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a30\u79d2\u3002 proxy_pass\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cproxy_next_upstream\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f53\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2derror\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0ctimeout\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0cinvalid_header\u8868\u793a\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u65e0\u6548\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0chttp_500\u3001http_502\u3001http_503\u548chttp_504\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a500\u3001502\u3001503\u548c504\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528proxy_connect_timeout\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cproxy_set_header\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u7684Host\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684Host\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002 \u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dNginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u91cd\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\u3002 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