{"id":63013,"date":"2025-04-29T08:06:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T00:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/63013\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T08:06:58","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T00:06:58","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8b%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a5%e9%aa%a4-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/63013\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.php.cn\/upload\/article\/000\/465\/014\/170892993260711.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u9898\uff1aLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u67e5\u770b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u62eccat\u3001less\u3001grep\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ca\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>cat \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237ID\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4ID\u3001\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u767b\u5f55Shell\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u7ed3\u5408grep\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7b5b\u9009\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>cat \/etc\/passwd | grep '\/bin\/bash'<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528less\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>less\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u67e5\u770b\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>less \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7less\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6d4f\u89c8\u548c\u67e5\u627e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7b5b\u9009\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>awk -F: '{print $1}' \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n<p>  \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236   <\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539print $1\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8FDCServers\u5176\u5b83\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6807\u9898\uff1aLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u67e5\u770b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4 Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5e38\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\uff1a \u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u62eccat\u3001less\u3001grep\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ca\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b \u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355 \u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a cat \/etc\/passwd \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237ID\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4ID\u3001\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u767b\u5f55Shell\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u7ed3\u5408grep\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7b5b\u9009\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1a cat \/etc\/passwd | grep &#8216;\/bin\/bash&#8217; \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u4f7f\u7528less\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355 less\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u67e5\u770b\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a less \/etc\/passwd \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u901a\u8fc7less\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6d4f\u89c8\u548c\u67e5\u627e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355 \u9664\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7b5b\u9009\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a awk -F: &#8216;{print $1}&#8217; \/etc\/passwd \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u590d\u5236 \u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539print $1\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u3002 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